马铃薯低损出仓机设计  

Design of low-loss positioning machine for potato processing

作　　者：宋鹏程 王相友[1,2] 曲军哲 任加意 盖金星 李学强 Song Pengcheng;Wang Xiangyou;Qu Junzhe;Ren Jiayi;Gai Jinxing;Li Xueqiang(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,255091,China;Shandong Provincial Intelligent Engineering and Technology Research Center for Potato Production Equipment,Dezhou,253600,China;Shandong Star Agricultural Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Dezhou,253600,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255091 [2]山东省马铃薯生产装备智能化工程技术研究中心,山东德州253600 [3]山东思代尔农业装备有限公司,山东德州253600

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2025年第3期124-132,共9页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019NJ010)。

摘　　要：目前国内马铃薯出仓设备需求较大,但存在出仓设备研究较少、马铃薯出仓效率低,损伤率高、作业成本高以及自动化程度低等问题。为此,设计一种由行走转向装置、伸缩装置、输送装置以及液压装置、控制系统、检测装置等组成的马铃薯出仓机。采用运动学分析方法明晰影响出仓性能指标的因素为输送线速度、倾斜角度以及喂入量,通过超声波传感器与行程限位开关对输送线的速度和伸缩程度进行控制,可根据物料量的大小实现物料与输送线速度的自动匹配,并防止伸缩过程中产生拖拽造成损伤。对马铃薯出仓机进行性能测试,以出仓效率、破皮率及伤薯率作为出仓机性能评价指标,对其主要影响因素进行单因素试验,得出各因素的最佳参数范围。根据试验数据对求解的最佳参数组合进行验证试验,得出平均出仓效率为56.53 t,平均破皮率为0.75%,平均伤薯率为0.55%,满足较高出仓效率、较低破皮率及伤薯率的设计要求。At present,there is a large demand for potato outbound equipment in China,but there are problems such as less research on outbound equipment,low outbound efficiency,high potato damage rate,high operating cost and low degree of automation.Therefore,a kind of potato outbound machine composed of walking steering device,telescopic device,conveying device,hydraulic device,control system and detection device is designed.The kinematics analysis method is used to clarify that the factors affecting the performance index of the warehouse are the speed of the conveyor line,the inclination angle and the feeding amount.The speed and expansion degree of the conveyor line are controlled by the ultrasonic sensor and the stroke limit switch.According to the amount of material,the automatic matching of the material and the speed of the conveyor line can be realized,and the damage caused by dragging during the expansion process can be prevented.The performance test of the potato warehouse machine was carried out.The single factor test was carried out on the main influencing factors with the efficiency of the warehouse,the rate of broken skin and the rate of damaged potato as the performance evaluation index of the warehouse machine,and the optimal parameter range of each factor was obtained.According to the test data,the optimal parameter combination is verified,and the average efficiency of the warehouse is 56.53 t,the average breaking rate is 0.75%,and the average potato injury rate is 0.55%,which meets the design requirements of higher warehouse efficiency,lower breaking rate and potato injury rate.

关 键 词：马铃薯 出仓机 高效低损 运动学分析 超声波传感器 

分 类 号：S229.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]