《大学》“与其有聚敛之臣,宁有盗臣”发微——兼论儒家对聚敛经济思想的批判  

Expound on “Rather Have Stolen Minister Than Who Amass Fortunes” :Also on the Early Confucian Criticism of Amassing Fortunes

作　　者：韩涛 HAN Tao

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学历史文化与旅游学院、巴蜀文化研究中心,成都610066

出　　处：《孔子研究》2025年第1期61-72,158,共13页Confucius Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国道统思想研究”(项目编号:17ZDA010);全国高校古籍整理研究项目(1626);四川省哲学社会科学一般项目(项目编号:SCJJ23ND270)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：先秦儒家在经济思想上主张藏富于民,对任何榨取民间财富的敛财行为持批判态度。“与其有聚敛之臣,宁有盗臣”是儒家经典《大学》中批判与民争利的经典话语。《大学》非常关注财富的本质和财富的分配,论述了财富的道德属性,认为德为本,财为末,国家不应以财货的集聚为目的,而应该以仁义教化百姓,聚敛财富损害仁义,比盗窃行为危害更甚。早期儒家提出了“庶、富、教”的国家治理三部曲,倡导低税制、薄赋敛,保护工商业的发展,坚决反对与民争利的聚敛之举,认为富国与富民是统一的,只有先富民才能富国。儒学在西汉成为官方主导思想以后,儒家所主张的经济思想亦取得了主流的话语权,后世儒家在批评搜刮聚敛的财经官员时常常援引“与其有聚敛之臣,宁有盗臣”对其进行痛斥批驳,此话语成为儒家反对与民争利的口号和宣言,也是后世历代儒家反对财经官员聚敛财富、与民争利的思想武器。“Rather have stolen minister than who amass fortunes” is a famous saying in the Confucian classic Daxue which criticizes the plunder of people's wealth. Daxue pays much attention to the nature and distribution of wealth, and discusses the moral attribute of wealth. Daxue holds that morality is the foundation and wealth is the end, and the state should not take wealth as interests, but should educate people with benevolence and righteousness, and amassing fortunes to damage benevolence and righteousness which is far more dangerous than theft. In the economic thought of the early Confucianism, it advocated that the state should accumulate wealth among the people, and opposed the economic behavior of amassing wealth. The Pre-Qin Confucianism proposed a trilogy of state governance of “Population growth, rich and educated”, advocating low taxation, thin taxation and protection of industry and commerce. The pre-Qin Confucianists firmly opposed the amassing fortunes, believed that enriching country and enriching people are unified, only by enriching the people first can achieve to enrich country. After Confucianism became the dominant official thought in the Western Han Dynasty, the economic thought advocated by Confucianism also gained the mainstream position of discourse power. Later Confucian scholars often cited “rather have stolen minister than who amass fortunes” in the Daxue, and “rather have stolen minister than who amass fortunes” as the slogan and declaration of the Confucian school against competing with the people. It reflects the Confucian denunciation of the economic behavior of amassing wealth, and is also the ideological weapon of the Confucians against the financial and economic officials amassing wealth and plundering for the interests from the people.

关 键 词：《大学》 儒学 聚敛 藏富于民 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]