经典世界中的“四海”  

The “Four Seas” in the Classical World

作　　者：郜喆 GAO Zhe

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际儒学院,北京100088

出　　处：《孔子研究》2025年第1期120-129,160,共11页Confucius Studies

摘　　要：“四海”是中国古代经典世界中独特的空间概念。在大禹治水的故事中,洪水退却,陆地与海洋分隔,形成了作为自然空间的“九州”与“四海”。人类无法定居于海洋之上,“四海”遂成为文明之外的空间符号,代表着野蛮的生活方式,亦是经典世界中的流放之地。流放四海既是官方的刑罚,如“舜放四凶”;也可以是一种个人行为,如“泰伯奔吴”。在九州无道之时,被视为野蛮之地的“四海”成为人们可以逃亡的空间,“子欲居九夷”即为一例。因此,经典世界中的“四海”成为人寻求另一种生活方式的象征。“Four Seas” is a unique spatial idea in Chinese classical world. In the story of Yu's flood control, the flood retreated, the land and sea were separated, forming “Jiu Zhou” and “Four Seas” as natural spaces. Human beings cannot settle on the sea. The “Four Seas” have become a spatial symbol outside civilization, representing a barbaric way of life and a place of exile in the classical world. Exile to the “Four Seas” is an official punishment, such as “Shun released the four evils”. It can also be a personal behavior, such as “Taibo Ran to Wu”. When there was no order in Jiu Zhou, the “Four Seas” outside politics is the space for people to escape. “Confucius wanted to live in the nine barbarians” was an example. So, the “Four Seas” in classical world become a symbol of looking for another way of life.

关 键 词：经典世界 四海 流放 四凶 泰伯 

分 类 号：B222[哲学宗教—中国哲学]