演化与接触:清末武汉方言音韵及其演变研究  

Language evolution and language contact:An investigation on the phonological development of Wuhan dialect during the late Qing dynasty

作　　者：孙志波[1] SUN Zhibo

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学文学院,新乡

出　　处：《中国语文》2025年第2期193-208,255,256,共18页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“明清民国珍稀时音韵书韵图整理集成与研究”(19ZDA308);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划“基于罕传音韵文献的近代官话方言音韵史研究”(2024GGJS042)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章证明《同声韵学便览》并非合肥方言韵书,而是清末武汉方言的记录,在此基础上,综合罗马字文献和现代方言资料,梳理出武汉方言自清末以来的音韵变化。研究表明,武汉方言在100多年间的音韵变化是十分复杂的,既有自身因素导致的变化,包括内转摄*■、止蟹臻山摄*-u->○/[+acute]_、遇摄*u>ou/[+acute]_,也有因接触导致的变化,如假摄三等字和日母开口字的读音演变,而受外部因素影响产生的音变■->tɕ-/ _u跟方言自身的∗■->ts-演变形成了音变的交织。武汉方言的多种音变之间存在着制约关系,值得注意的是,声调因素在声母、韵母的演变中发挥着重要作用。Based on invesitgations of the rhyme book Tongsheng yunxue bianlan(同声韵学便览),this paper proposes that it documents the Wuhan dialect of late Qing dynasty instead of the Hefei dialect.Romanized spellings of Chinese dialects and materials of modern Chinese dialects can also provide evidences for the complicated diachronic change of the phonological system of Wuhan dialect.Internally,∗■-would shift into∗ts-when combining with Neizhuan(内转)rhymes;∗-u-would be dropped after acute consonants of Zhi(止),Xie(蟹),Zhen(臻)and Shan(山)rhymes;and∗u would become∗ou after acute consonants in Yu(遇)rhymes.Externally-induced sound change involves those in the third division of Jia(假)rhyme and words of unrounded articulation with Ri(日)initials.The change from∗■-to∗tɕ-before∗u caused by external factors co-exists with the internal change from∗■-to∗ts-.The various sound changes in Wuhan dialect exhibit a complex evolution of initials and finals during which tones play a critical role.

关 键 词：《同声韵学便览》 武汉方言 语音演变 语言接触 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]