从郭嵩焘到严复:中国传统程式观念的现代转型  

From GUO Songtao to YAN Fu:The Modern Transformation of Traditional Chinese Idea of Program

作　　者：涂明君[1] 李曼 TU Mingjun;LI Man

机构地区：[1]天津行政学院党建教研部

出　　处：《政治思想史》2025年第1期71-85,227,共16页Journal of the History of Political Thought

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“国家治理体系和治理能力现代化视域下的程序观念百年演变及其当代价值”(18FSH004)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：19世纪70年代,少数知识精英开始零星地学习介绍公法程式,直到1890年前后,康有为以自然科学和社会知识为实理,通过公理方法推导出公法,中国才发生从传统天理程式观向公理程式观的转变。戊戌变法前后,陈炽所表现的程式观以公理为基础,谭嗣同以数学方程式论证公理公法程式的普遍性。清末新政,科举天理程式观衰落,严复翻译《穆勒名学》从逻辑上强化了公理程式的正当性。公理程式观以现代知识之公理取代儒家经典之天理,从结构上继承、内容上创新了传统程式观,是现代程序观的先驱。In the 1870s,a few intellectuals such as Guo Songtao began to learn and introduce the public law program sporadically.However,it was not until around 1890,when Kang Youwei deduced the public law through the axiomatic method based on natural science and social knowledge,that China changed substantially from the traditional concept of natural law to the concept of axiomatic formula.During the Reform Movement of 1898,Chen Chi,an important figure of the new school,expressed a concept of formula based on axioms,and Tan Sitong demonstrated the universality of axiomatic and axiomatic procedures with mathematical equations.During the New Deal at the end of the Qing Dynasty,the traditional idea,represented by stereotyped writing and imperial examination procedures,declined,and Yan Fu’s translation of Mill’s work on logic logically strengthened the legitimacy of axiomatic procedures.The idea of axiomatic formula replaced the natural principle of the Confucian classics with the axiomatic inclusiveness of modern knowledge,which included a certain degree of modernity but also retained the top-down compulsion,did not involve private areas.It inherited the traditional idea of formula from the structure and innovated on the content,and was the pioneer of the modern idea of procedure.

关 键 词：公理 程式 康有为 严复 郭嵩焘 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]