呼和浩特地区农牧交错带野生麻叶荨麻叶片蛋白质组成及其功能特性研究  

Analysis of protein components and functional properties of wild Urtica cannabina L.leaves in agro-pastoral ecotone of Hohhot area

作　　者：邱玮 李国婧 徐志伟[3] 刘亚玲 苑峰 王瑞刚 苏杰[1,2] QIU Wei;LI Guojing;XU Zhiwei;LIU Yaling;YUAN Feng;WANG Ruigang;SU Jie(College of Vocational Technology,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou,Inner Mongolia 014109,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Adaptation and Genetic Modification in Arid and Cold Regions(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University),Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Agriculture,Animal Husbandry and Water Conservancy Bureau of Saihan District,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010010,China;Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding and Improved Seed Breeding,Mengcao Ecological Environment(Group)Co.,LTD,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010070,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古包头014109 [2]内蒙古自治区旱寒区植物逆境适应与遗传修饰改良自治区重点实验室(内蒙古农业大学),内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [3]呼和浩特市赛罕区农牧水利局,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [4]内蒙古自治区牧草育种与良种繁育重点实验室,蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第5期155-160,共6页China Feed

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY0008);内蒙古自治区高校创新团队(NMGIRT2222);内蒙古自治区高校基本科研业务费项目(BR22-13-05)。

摘　　要：本试验通过对内蒙古呼和浩特地区农牧交错带麻叶荨麻叶片蛋白质的组成成分及功能特性进行研究,为麻叶荨麻的质量评价及开发利用提供参考。粗蛋白质提取采用碱溶酸沉法;粗蛋白质的定性检测采用双缩脲反应和茚三酮反应,定量检测采用《饲料中粗蛋白质的测定凯氏定氮法》;氨基酸检测采用GB/T 18246-2019《饲料中氨基酸的测定》;蛋白功能特性研究采用分光光度法、Ellman试剂法等。结果表明:(1)麻叶荨麻叶片蛋白质含量较高,平均值为29.46%。含有氨基酸17种,其中含必需氨基酸7种,非必需氨基酸8种,半必需氨基酸2种。(2)麻叶荨麻叶片蛋白质的功能特性如下:蛋白质疏水性为(37.15±0.27)μg/mg;DPPH自由基清除能力都随蛋白质浓度增加而增强,当蛋白质浓度为0.1 mg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除能力达44.26μg/mg;总巯基和游离巯基含量均较高,分别为(31.14±0.55)μmol/g和(16.36±0.30)μmol/g;在碱性环境下的溶解度明显高于酸性条件,当pH=5时溶解度均最小;乳化性为(11.51±0.56)m^(2)/g,乳化稳定性为(39.46±0.79)%;具有很高的持水性[(5.73±0.12)g/g]和持油性[(3.61±0.10)g/g];蛋白质起泡性为(70.79±0.97)%,起泡稳定性为(40.53±1.16)%。In this paper,the composition and functional characteristics of leaf protein of Urtica cannabina L.leaf in Hohhot,Inner Mongolia were studied,aimed to provide reference for quality evaluation,development and utilization of nettle leaf.The crude protein was extracted by alkali-soluble acid precipitation method.Biuret reaction and ninhydrin reaction were used for qualitative determination of crude protein,and Kjeldahl method for quantitative determination was used for determination of crude protein in feed.Amino acids were detected by GB/T 18246-2019"Determination of Amino Acids in Feed".The functional properties of proteins were studied by spectrophotometry and Ellman reagent.The results showed as follows:(1)The protein content of nettle leaf was higher,the average was 29.46%.It contained 17 kinds of amino acids,including 7 kinds of essential amino acids,8 kinds of non-essential amino acids and 2 kinds of semi-essential amino acids.(2)The functional properties of protein in Urticaria leaf were as follows:the protein hydrophobicity was(37.15±0.27)μg/mg;The scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals increased with the increase of protein concentration.When the protein concentration was 0.1 mg/mL,the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals reached 44.26μg/mg.The contents of total sulfhydryl and free sulfhydryl were(31.14±0.55)μmol/g and(16.36±0.30)μmol/g,respectively.The solubility in alkaline environment was obviously higher than that in acidic condition,and the solubility was the smallest when pH=5.The emulsification property was(11.51±0.56)m^(2)/g,and the emulsification stability was(39.46±0.79)%.High water retention[(5.73±0.12)g/g]and oil retention[(3.61±0.10)g/g];The foamability of the protein was(70.79±0.97)%and the foamability stability was(40.53±1.16)%.

关 键 词：麻叶荨麻 蛋白质 氨基酸 功能特性 

分 类 号：S816.15[农业科学—饲料科学]