汉语词典如何更好契合汉语特点提质增能  

How to Better Fit Characteristics of Chinese and Improve Quality and Efficiency of Chinese Dictionaries

作　　者：李行健[1,2] LI Xingjian

机构地区：[1]教育部语言文字应用研究所 [2]中国社会科学院研究生院,北京100010

出　　处：《北华大学学报(社会科学版)》2024年第6期11-16,151,共7页Journal of Beihua University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家语言文字工作委员会“八五”规划重点项目(长期)“《现代汉语规范词典》编修”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：不同语言的词典具有不同的特点,这是由语言的特点决定的。能否充分遵循并体现语言特点是衡量词典编纂质量和功能作用的重要标尺。与印欧语系等语言相比,汉语的特点极为鲜明,尤其语素是汉语最小表意单位,且多数含有多个义项,是构词的基本单位,合成词的意义是构成其语素的意义的融合;形、音、义三位一体的汉字与语言关系密切,研究汉语,离不开汉字等特点,是编纂汉语词典必须重视并予以充分体现的汉语特点。现有汉语词典对语素不够重视,须充分契合汉语特点,重视语素义项的科学确立,语素义先行,并注重语素义和词义相互观照验证,才能使汉语词典质量获得质的提升。The ability to fully follow and reflect the characteristics of a language is an important measure of the quality and functional role of dictionary compilation.Compared with such as the Indo-European language family,the characteristics of Chinese are extremely distinct,especially that the morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning expression in Chinese and the basic of word formation,and the meaning of a compound word is the integration of the meanings of the morphemes that constitute it;The trinity of form,sound and Chinese characters is closely related to language,and it is an important feature of Chinese that must be paid attention to and fully reflected in the compilation of Chinese dictionaries.Chinese dictionaries must fully conform to the characteristics of Chinese,pay attention to the scientific establishment of morpheme meaning items,give priority to morpheme meaning,and pay to the mutual reference and verification of morpheme meaning and word meaning,so that the quality of Chinese dictionaries can be qualitatively improved.

关 键 词：汉语词典 汉语特点 语素 合成词 语素义项分析 

分 类 号：H164[语言文字—汉语]