水平来流作用下无人机旋翼多维气动特征研究  

Investigation of Multi-dimensional Aerodynamic Characteristics of UAV Rotor Subjected to Horizontal Inflow

作　　者：刘聪 李百庆 张宗卫[2] 单泽众 LIU Cong;LI Baiqing;ZHANG Zongwei;SHAN Zezhong(School of Air Traffic Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;School of Aeronautical Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津300300 [2]中国民航大学航空工程学院,天津300300

出　　处：《兵工学报》2025年第3期47-56,共10页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金多元投入青年项目(23JCQNJC00170);中央高校基本科研业务费项目中国民航大学专项项目(KJZ53420230006)。

摘　　要：为研究水平来流对小型无人机旋翼气动特征的影响规律,采用风洞试验和仿真模拟的方法,获取不同来流速度下无人机旋翼轴向和旋转平面内的多维气动数据以及尾涡扩散特征。通过低速风洞模拟水平来流,采用六分量力-力矩传感器测量0~15 m/s来流速度和2000~9000 r/min转速范围内旋翼的z轴轴向和x-y旋转平面的气动力和力矩数据;试验研究着重分析了旋转平面内侧向力和俯仰滚转力矩的变化规律;仿真模拟结果讨论了来流速度对旋转周期内表面压力分布的影响和近场尾涡的形态特征。研究结果表明:水平来流作用下旋翼效率最优转速区间为4000~6000 r/min;旋转平面内x轴力是主导侧向力,x轴和y轴力矩同时起作用,来流速度高于5 m/s时侧向力和力矩不可忽视,动力学分析必须予以考虑;水平来流导致旋翼尾涡的对称特征破坏,来流速度越大、倾斜角越大,尾涡扩散发展受到挤压。In order to study the effect of horizontal inflow on the aerodynamic characteristics of small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)rotors,the wind tunnel test and numerical simulation are conducted to obtain the multi-dimensional aerodynamic data and wake vortex diffusion characteristics of UAV rotors under different inflow speeds.A low-speed wind tunnel is used to simulate horizontal inflow,and a six-component force-moment sensor is used to measure the aerodynamic forces the rotational speeds from 2000 r/min to 9000 r/min.The experimental study focuses on analyzing the variations of lateral force,and pitch and roll moments in the rotational plane.The influence of inflow speed on surface pressure distribution during the rotational period and the morphological characteristics of the near-field wake vortex are discussed from the numerically simulated results.The results indicate that the optimal rotational speed range of rotor is 4000-6000 r/min under the action of horizontal inflow The x-axis force in the rotational plane is the primary contributor to the lateral force,with both x-axis and y-axis moments playing roles simultaneously.The lateral forces and moments become significant at inflow speeds above 5 m/s and must be considered in dynamic analysis.The horizontal inflow disrupts the symmetrical feature of the rotor wake vortex.The inflow with greater speed leads to a larger inclination angle,causing the diffusion evolution of wake vortex to be compressed.

关 键 词：无人机 水平来流 气动力 旋翼尾涡 侧向力 俯仰滚转力矩 

分 类 号：V211.44[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]