Exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs: potential biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus  

作　　者：Yong Ling Sou William M.Chilian Wickneswari Ratnam Shamsul Mohd Zain Sharifah Zamiah Syed Abdul Kadir Yan Pan Yuh-Fen Pung 

机构地区：[1]Division of Biomedical Science,Faculty of Science and Engineering,University of Nottingham Malaysia,Semenyih,Selangor 43500,Malaysia [2]Department of Integrative Medical Sciences,Northeast Ohio Medical University,Rootstown,OH 44272,USA [3]Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology,Faculty of Science and Technology,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,Bangi,Selangor 43600,Malaysia [4]Department of Pharmacology,Jniversity of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur 50603,Malaysia

出　　处：《Precision Clinical Medicine》2024年第3期222-234,共13页精准临床医学(英文)

基　　金：funded by the Malaysia Ministry of Science,Technology,and Innovation(MOSTI)(Grant No.RD0120Q1410)awarded to YFP and WR,and the postgraduate student scholarships awarded by the University of Nottingham Malaysia to YLS.

摘　　要：Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are single-stranded,small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation,They are negative regu-lators of their target messenger RNAs(mRNAs),in which they bind either to inhibit mRNA translation,or to induce mRNA decay.Similar to proteins,miRNAs exist in different isoforms(isomiRs).miRNAs and isomiRs are selectively loaded into small extracellular vesicles,such as the exosomes,to protect them from RNase degradation.In T2DM,exosomal miRNAs produced by different cell types are transported among the primary sites of insulin action.These interorgan crosstalk regulate various T2DM-associated pathways such as adipocyte inflammation,insulin signalling,andβcells dysfunction among many others.In this review,we first focus on the mechanism of exosome biogenesis,followed by miRNA biogenesis and isomiR formation.Next,we discuss the roles of exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs in the development of T2DM and provide evidence from clinical studies to support their potential roles as T2DM biomarkers.Lastly,we highlight the use of exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs in personalized medicine,as weli as addressing the cur-rent challenges and future opportunities in this feld.This review summarizes how research on exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs has developed from the very basic to clinical applications,with the goal of advancing towards the era of personalized medicine.

关 键 词：extracellular vesicles insulin resistance HYPERGLYCAEMIA OBESITY precision medicine 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]