刑事证据标准统一论之辩  

On the Unified Criminal Evidence Standards

作　　者：张丽霞[1] ZHANG Lixia

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《公安学研究》2024年第6期64-82,122,共20页Journal of Public Security Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“人工智能背景下证据标准指引体系研究”(22CFX022)。

摘　　要：证据标准以证明标准为基准,其表现形式为基本证据材料的集合。证据标准统一论的提出,主要目的是指引侦查人员收集证据,为后续审查起诉、审判活动做准备,具有独立的理论价值和现实意义。以刑事诉讼程序为研究场域,证据标准存在阶段论、审前论和统一论的理论争议。然阶段论与审前论可能带来的负效应包括:认识规律悖论、程序回流乱象、案件事实分割以及与证明标准混淆等。通过比较研究,发现证据标准统一论在四个方面彰显了其理论理性:证据标准统一是司法智能化改革的应然之举;证据标准统一是推进以审判为中心的应有之义;证据标准统一是认识规律的回归;证据标准统一是案件事实一致性认定的实体依据。为了推进证据标准统一指引的运行,需拓宽证据标准指引向度——保障与推进以审判为中心相契;弱化智能化证据标准统一指引刚性——保障人机互动中人的主体地位;平衡“大控方”证据权力——保障辩方证据权利的实现。The main purpose of unified criminal evidence standards is to guide criminal investigators to collect evidence and prepare for subsequent review,prosecution and trial activities.Taking criminal procedure as the research focus,the criminal evidence standards are facing theoretical disputes in terms of stage,pretrial and unity.The possible negative effects of stage theory and pretrial theory include the paradox of cognitive laws,the disorder in procedural back-flow,division of case facts,and confusing standards of proof.The theory of unified criminal evidence standards shows its theoretical rationality by being a natural move for intelligent judicial reform,being the core of trial-centered approach,returning to cognitive laws and providing substantive basis for the consistency of case facts.In order to promote the operation of the unified guidelines for criminal evidence standards,it is necessary to broaden the guidance dimensions of criminal evidence standards to ensure compatibility with the trial-centered approach,weaken the rigidity of the intelligent unified guidelines for evidence standards to safeguard the dominant position of humans in human-machine interaction,and balance the evidence power of the"grand prosecution side"to ensure the realization of the evidence rights of the defense side.

关 键 词：证据标准 阶段论 审前论 统一论 

分 类 号：D915.33[政治法律—诉讼法学]