刑事数据被动出境的影响、成因及其应对  

The Impacts and Causes of the Passive Outbound Criminal Data Transfer and Some Responses

作　　者：胡裕岭[1] 姚浩亮 HU Yuling;YAO Haoliang

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学刑事法学院,上海201620 [2]华东政法大学新型经济犯罪治理研究中心,上海201620

出　　处：《公安学研究》2024年第6期83-100,122,共19页Journal of Public Security Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络时代的社会治理与刑法体系的理论创新”(20&ZD199);中国刑事诉讼法学研究会“刑事诉讼法制完善”重点项目“刑事诉讼中电子数据冻结的性质及其法律规范”。

摘　　要：2024年8月联合国特别委员会通过了《联合国打击网络犯罪公约》决议草案,刑事数据跨境流动成为各国关注焦点,但尚未形成解决刑事数据被动出境问题的有效方案。刑事数据被动出境不仅影响我国数据主权、司法主权等核心利益,而且令网络服务提供者等私权利主体的合法权利无法得到保障,影响跨境经济发展以及数据权利实现。其根源是欧美等国数据控制者取证模式在世界范围内的不断侵蚀,而我国当前立法对此难以形成有效的阻断防线。我国立法与执法在数据入、出境的实践导向上存在矛盾,加剧了刑事数据被动出境的不利影响。对此,我国需要转变数据主权理念,区分核心数据、重要数据、一般数据的出境路径及快捷出境范畴。对于超出范畴的刑事数据被动出境,一方面采用更为完善的阻断立法、对等原则规制长臂管辖对我国数据出境的影响,另一方面将数据冻结作为缓解数据理念冲突的新方案,形成刚柔并济的应对策略。The passive outbound transfer of criminal data has become a global focus,but an effective solution has not yet been formulated.The passive outbound transfer of criminal data not only undermines China's core interests,but also is not conducive to safeguarding the legitimate rights of private rights subjects,the development of the cross-border economy and the realization of data rights.The root cause is that it is difficult to form an effective blocking line of defense in China's current data legislation.Besides,the contradiction between China's legislation and law enforcement in inbound and outbound data transfers is an accelerant.In this regard,China needs to adopt sound blocking legislations and the principle of reciprocity to minimalize the impact of long-arm jurisdiction on China's outbound criminal data transfer,and use data freezing as a buffer against the conceptual conflicts of data,so as to form a flexible and rigid responsive strategy.

关 键 词：刑事数据 被动出境 数据主权 数据冻结 

分 类 号：D915.33[政治法律—诉讼法学]