论乾嘉学者的学术异趣与姚鼐兼容汉、史的取向  

The Diverse Academic Inclinations of Scholars in Qianlong and Jiaqing Reigns, and YAO Nai’s Theoretical Orientations of Integrating HanLearningand Historiography

作　　者：孟毅苗 MENG Yimiao(School of Liberal Arts,Nantong University,Nantong,Jiangsu 226019,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学文学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《内江师范学院学报》2025年第3期22-27,共6页Journal of Neijiang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于关联数据的古代辞书知识组织与应用研究”(21BTQ094)。

摘　　要：清代乾嘉学者在义理、考据与辞章兼济相善的学术共识下,亦存在相异其趣的学术理论取向,比如戴震重考据轻义理,章学诚力倡以史学统摄,翁方纲主张以考据修正义理、介入辞章。鉴于乾嘉学风之偏颇,姚鼐提出并践行三端合一的治学路径,以考据充实辞章,借辞章阐发义理,以诗文创作证明熔铸三者之可行性,真正打破汉、宋畛域。其亦融贯司马迁史学中的著述之道,对实录精神、尚奇的审美倾向及“奇怪”文境推崇备至。姚鼐熔铸贯通的桐城学术观,既消解了汉、宋习气过浓的诗文风尚,又指明了汉宋之争合流转型的现代性出路,具有极高的学术价值与文学价值。Under the academic consensus of integrating moral principles,textual research,and literary artistry during the Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns(QJR)of the Qing Dynasty,scholars also exhibited diverse theoretical orientations.There are three representatives.Firstly,DAI Zheng emphasized textual research over moral principles.Secondly,ZHANG Xuecheng advocated for history as the overarching framework.Thirdly,WENG Fanggang proposed to refine moral principles through textual research,and engage with literary artistry.Recognizing the biases in QJR scholarship,YAO Nai recommended and practiced a unified approach to scholarship.Owing to the approach,literary artistry is enriched with textual research,and moral principles are elucidated through literary artistry.Therefore,YAO demonstrated the feasibility of integrating the three and truly bridged the divides between Han Learning(HL)and Song Learning(SL).He also integrated the historiographical methods of SIMA Qian.By adopting the method,ancient textual research and the spirit of factual recording are highly valued,and more heed is paid to the aesthetic inclination towards the extraordinary,and the literary realm of the strange.YAO had integrated Tongcheng academic view.He mitigated the overly influenced trend of poetry and prose from HL and SL.He also revealed a modern path for the convergence and transformation of the contention between HL and SL,which holds significant academic and literary significances.

关 键 词：乾嘉学风 汉宋之争 姚鼐 

分 类 号：I207.24[文学—中国文学]