宋代书判拔萃科的制度文化与文学效应——以余靖为个案的考察  

The Institutional Culture and Literary Effects of Shu Pan Ba Cui in the Song Dynasty--A Case Study of Yu Jing

作　　者：梁燕妮 Liang Yanni(Institute of Ancient Books,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学古籍整理研究所,成都610065

出　　处：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期73-83,共11页Fudan Journal(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“宋代进卷与文章学研究”(项目批准号:24CZW039)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宋代书判拔萃科以判文取士,但其性质经历了从吏部科目选到制科的变化,因此考校程序增多,数量要求也有所提升。在此情形下,一批组文形式的书判进卷相继出现。天圣八年中选者余靖所作进卷是其中唯一留存至今的作品。这组文章力求辞藻与事理兼备,文学与政事合一,有效回应了书判拔萃科的取士目的、文学期望和衡文标准。它们反映出,书判拔萃科的制度文化全面渗入判文的写作实践中。书判拔萃科的性质之变使其成为宋代科场上最重视判文的一种科目,它以制度力量保证了判文取士功能的发挥,促进了政事与文学在写作层面的交融,也延续了科场试判讲究骈语文采的传统。书判拔萃科之废则引起判文在语言形式上的变化。骈判因此科的终结而失去制度性的发展依托,再加上“古文运动”的影响,骈判便逐渐为散判所取代。直至南宋,判文不再用于科举取士,而是集中在司法领域,因此偏重于反映时务,文学色彩有所淡化。In the Song Dynasty,the selection of scholars through the Shu pan ba cui was based on the verdicts,but its nature underwent a change from the selection of subjects in the Ministry of Personnel to the Zhike.Therefore,the examination procedures and the quantity requirements also increased.In this situation,a group of Shupan Jinjuan appeared one after another.Yu Jing was a winner in 1030,and his Shu pan jin juan was the only work that has survived to this day.These verdicts strive to combine word polish and reason analysis,integrating literature and politics,thus effectively responding to the purpose of selecting scholars,literary expectations,and literary standards of the Shu pan ba cui.They reflect the comprehensive infiltration of the institutional culture of the Shu pan ba cui into the writing practice of the verdicts.The change in the nature of the Shu pan ba cui made it the election subject that attached the greatest importance to the verdicts in the Song Dynasty's imperial examination,so it ensured the full play of the function of selecting scholars in the verdicts with institutional strength,promoted the integration of politics and literature in the field of writing,and also continued the tradition of emphasizing parallelism in the verdicts written for examination.The abolition of the Shu pan ba cui has caused changes in the language form of the verdicts.As a result of the end of this subject,those verdicts written in parallel phrase lost its institutional development support,and with the influence of the"Ancient Prose Movement,"such verdicts gradually replaced by those written in prose.Until the Southern Song Dynasty,the verdicts were no longer used for imperial examinations and were mainly applied in the judicial field,thus placing more emphasis on current affairs and weakening the literary flavor.

关 键 词：宋代科举 书判拔萃科 书判进卷 判文 余靖 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]