音乐训练与音乐素养对共情能力的影响  

The impacts of music training and music sophistication on empathy

作　　者：华山 姜欣桐 高扬震宇 穆妍 杜忆 HUA Shan;JIANG Xintong;GAO Yangzhenyu;MU Yan;DU Yi(Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China;Chinese Institute of Brain Research,Beijing 102206,China;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049 [3]北京脑科学与类脑研究所,北京102206 [4]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《心理学报》2025年第4期544-558,共15页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32071016,32271129,32471126);中国科学院心理研究所科学基金(E4JY292266)。

摘　　要：共情能力是预测和促进亲社会行为的重要因素,音乐经验对共情能力的发展有着重要作用。本研究以特质共情和状态共情两个方面为切入点,采用音乐训练和音乐素养两个指标衡量个体音乐经验,利用问卷调查和行为实验,探究它们对共情能力的影响路径。结果表明,在特质共情方面,音乐家的认知共情能力显著高于非音乐家。然而,在控制了人格、主观社会经济地位和心理健康状态的相关变量后,音乐训练对共情能力并无显著影响。相反,音乐素养显著正向预测认知共情能力的想象维度,甚至可以作为音乐训练影响认知共情中想象维度的中介变量。在状态共情方面,利用疼痛共情范式研究发现,相比非音乐家,音乐家在目睹他人疼痛情境时更能感同身受,这种状态共情能力受到音乐素养和特质认知共情中想象维度的链式中介影响。综上所述,音乐训练通过提高音乐素养,间接增强特质共情中的认知共情能力(想象),从而使音乐家在感同身受他人疼痛状态时表现出更强的能力。这些发现揭示了音乐经验对共情能力的促进机制。Music has long been recognized for fostering social bonds,with potential benefits for prosocial behaviors and empathy.Empathy,a key predictor of prosocial behaviors,encompasses both cognitive and affective components,involving the mentalizing and sharing of others’emotional states.While musical training has been linked to increased empathy and prosocial behaviors,the influence of musical sophistication—a comprehensive measure of musical experience-on empathy is less well understood.Moreover,the specific components and pathways through which musical experience influences empathy remain unclear,with existing research relying largely on subjective measures and lacking objective behavioral evidence.To address these gaps,we conducted two studies using musical training and musical sophistication as indicators of musical experience to explore their impact on trait and state empathy through questionnaires and a behavioral experiment.In Study 1,we examined the relationship between musical training,musical sophistication and empathy in 130 musicians and 121 non-musicians,using standardized measures including the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index(Gold-MSI)and Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI).Musicians scored significantly higher than non-musicians in cognitive empathy components(Perspective Taking and Fantasy).After controlling for gender,musical sophistication was positively correlated with cognitive empathy components(Perspective Taking and Fantasy)and an affective empathy component(Empathic Concern).Furthermore,after controlling for gender,openness,psychological states(depression,anxiety,alexithymia),and subjective social status,path analysis revealed that musical sophistication directly influenced cognitive empathy(Fantasy),while musical training indirectly influenced it via the mediating effect of music sophistication.Study 2 employed a pain empathy paradigm to assess empathic responses in 59 musicians and 61 non-musicians.Musicians demonstrated a higher alignment between ratings of their own and others'pa

关 键 词：音乐训练 音乐素养 特质共情 状态共情 疼痛共情 

分 类 号：B842.6[哲学宗教—基础心理学]