常见环境感知传感器在智能驾驶领域的应用与发展趋势  

Applications and Development Trends of Common Environmental Perception Sensors in the Field of Intelligent Driving

作　　者：李翊轩 查云飞 Li Yixuan;Zha Yunfei(Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou 350118)

机构地区：[1]福建理工大学,福州350118

出　　处：《汽车文摘》2025年第4期12-22,共11页Automotive Digest

摘　　要：为满足智能驾驶对精准环境感知的需求,聚焦智能驾驶环境感知传感器的应用与发展,解析其在系统架构中的基础性地位。讨论了视觉传感器、激光雷达、毫米波雷达和超声波雷达等各类传感器的工作机制、应用场景以及优劣势,分析了多传感器融合对提高感知精度与智能驾驶可靠性的影响。未来,智能车辆的环境感知传感器技术将围绕新型传感材料、智能自适应、节能设计、故障诊断、实时校准和环境影响抑制6大方向发展;传感器将向小型化、集成化及自适应低功耗设计方面持续演进;将在车载摄像头高精度化、激光雷达固态化、超声波雷达融合创新等方面取得更大突破,以提升传感精确度、实时性和可靠性,满足日益复杂的驾驶环境需求。To meet the demand for precise environmental perception in intelligent driving,this paper focuses on the application and development of intelligent driving environment perception sensors,analyzing their foundational position in system architecture.It discusses the working mechanisms,application scenarios,and advantages and disadvantages of various sensors such as visual sensors,LiDAR,millimeter-wave radar,and ultrasonic radar,analyzing the impact of multi-sensor fusion on improving perception accuracy and autonomous driving reliability.In the future,environmental perception sensor technology for intelligent vehicles will focus on 6 major directions:new sensing materials,intelligent adaptability,energy-efficient design,fault diagnosis,real-time calibration,and environmental impact suppression.Sensors will continue to evolve towards miniaturization,integration,and adaptive low-power design.Breakthroughs will be made in areas such as high-precision vehicle cameras,solid-state LiDAR,and innovative integration of ultrasonic radar,aiming to enhance sensing accuracy,real-time performance,and reliability to meet the increasingly complex demands of driving environments.

关 键 词：智能驾驶 环境感知传感器 摄像头 激光雷达 毫米波雷达 超声波雷达 

分 类 号：U463.6[机械工程—车辆工程]