美国一流大学应对人工智能教学应用的改革行动与反思  

Educational Reform and Reflections on Artificial Intelligence Applications in Top U.S.Universities

作　　者：邢园园 钱玲[1,2] XING Yuanyuan;QIAN Ling(College of Education,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China;Online Learning Services,The University of Akron,Ohio 44315,USA)

机构地区：[1]河北大学教育学院,河北保定071002 [2]阿克伦大学在线学习中心,美国俄亥俄州44315

出　　处：《开放教育研究》2025年第2期24-35,共12页Open Education Research

基　　金：2021年度教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“美国一流大学信息化发展政策、实施及成效研究”(21YJA880050)。

摘　　要：生成式人工智能的迅速发展及其在教育中的广泛应用,正深刻影响美国高等教育。本文基于对美国35所一流大学人工智能应用指南的系统分析,探讨美国大学在教学领域的改革行动。以人工智能技术应用为契机,美国一流大学采取三方面的行动:重新定义学术诚信,规范生成式内容的引用格式,更新检测手段,维护学术规范;改革师生沟通机制,明确人工智能使用边界,发展学生关键技能,公开使用政策;采取人工智能赋能的评估反思框架,强化多样化教学评估方式,开展真实情境评估、动态阶段评估、多模态评估和重启课堂评估,注重提升学生的批判性思维等高阶能力。我国一流大学应充分借鉴国际先进经验,塑造学术诚信的新环境,提升教师人工智能素养,积极推动教育评价转型。Generative artificial intelligence and its widespread application in education profoundly influence the higher education reform in the United States.Based on a systematic analysis of the artificial intelligence application guidelines of 35 top universities in the United States,this study explores their reform practices and action strategies in teaching.Leveraging AI technology as an opportunity,the top U.S.universities have implemented three key actions:First,they redefine academic integrity through reconstructing plagiarism standards,standardizing citation formats for AI-generated content,and updating detection methodologies to uphold academic norms.They reform faculty-student communication mechanisms,emphasizing the imperative to clarify usage boundaries of AI technologies,and provide learning-oriented guidance to establish transparent usage policies.Finally,they adopt AIempowered assessment and reflection frameworks to enhance diverse evaluation methods,including authentic real-world evaluation,dynamic phased evaluations,multimodal assessment approaches and restructured classroom assessments to focus on cultivating students’critical thinking and other higherorder skills.Universities in China should actively explore and draw implications from international experiences to foster a new academic integrity environment,enhance educator’s AI literacy,and transform instruction and assessment practice.

关 键 词：人工智能 教学改革 一流大学 师生沟通 

分 类 号：G511[文化科学—教育学]