正十四烷蓄冷微胶囊的制备与性能研究  

Preparation and Performance Study of n-Tetradecane Cold-Storage Microcapsules

作　　者：马璇 方健[1] 孙志成[2] MA Xuan;FANG Jian;SUN Zhi-cheng(Material Science and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Printed Electronics,Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学材料科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]北京印刷学院北京市印刷电子工程技术研究中心,北京102600

出　　处：《印刷与数字媒体技术研究》2025年第2期178-185,共8页Printing and Digital Media Technology Study

摘　　要：蓄冷微胶囊被广泛应用于冷链包装领域,能够有效实现温度调节和能量储存。本研究采用原位聚合法,以正十四烷为芯材,三聚氰胺甲醛树脂作为壁材制备得到蓄冷相变微胶囊。通过研究不同种类及浓度的乳化剂对芯材乳化效果的影响,以及不同芯壁比对微胶囊形貌、封装率和热稳定性的作用,从而确定最佳的微胶囊制备工艺。结果表明,当水溶液中乳化剂浓度为1%(质量分数),且选用由分子量2300苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物制成的钠盐时,芯材呈现出最优乳化状态。微胶囊的封装率与芯壁比密切相关,随着芯壁比递增,微胶囊粒径逐渐减小,封装率则逐步提高,同时热稳定性有所下降。当芯壁比为1.3∶1时,所得的微胶囊在形貌和热稳定性方面表现最佳,其封装率达到86.4%,平均粒径约为54μm,熔融焓为203.31J/g。将微胶囊添加至聚乙烯醇制备复合膜后,通过红外热成像仪记录显示,该复合膜中含60%(质量分数)微胶囊时,其蓄冷时长可达普通膜的5倍,这对冷链包装材料的拓展具有重要指导意义。The phase change microcapsules with thermoregulation and energy storage properties are widely used in the field of cold chain packaging.In this study,the cold-storage microcapsules were prepared by an in situ polymerization method using n-tetradecane as the core material and melamine-formaldehyde resin as the wall material.The effects of different types and concentrations of emulsifiers on the emulsification of the core material as well as the effects of different core-to-wall ratios on the morphology,encapsulation rate and thermal stability of the microcapsules were studied to determine the optimal microcapsule manufacturing process.The results showed that the core material had the best emulsification state when the concentration of the emulsifier in the aqueous solution is 1wt%and the sodium salt of a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer with a molecular weight of 2300 was used.The encapsulation rate of the microcapsules was closely related to the core-to-wall ratio.As the core-to-wall ratio increases,the size of microcapsules gradually decreased and the encapsulation rate gradually increased while the thermal stability decreases.At a core-to-wall ratio of 1.3∶1,the obtained microcapsules showed the best morphology and thermal stability with an encapsulation rate of 86.4%,an average particle size of about 54μm and an enthalpy of fusion of 203.31J/g.When the microcapsules were incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol to fabricate a composite film,the recorded infrared thermal image indicated that the cold storage time of the composite film with 60wt%microcapsules is five times that of the ordinary film,providing significant evidence for the expansion of the packaging provision of cold chain materials.

关 键 词：正十四烷 蓄冷 微胶囊 高封装率 冷链包装 

分 类 号：TS8[轻工技术与工程] TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]