专业竞赛中花境的主题选择、植物组成和长效性评价  

Theme Selection,Plant Composition,and Long-Term Performance Evaluation of Flower Borders in Professional Competitions

作　　者：孙向丽 林德豪 王孟瑾 陆静 朱莉红 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学建筑学院 [2]苏州园科生态建设集团有限公司

出　　处：《建筑与文化》2025年第3期112-115,共4页Architecture & Culture

基　　金：苏州市关键核心技术攻关项目(项目编号:2023ssd57);苏州大学协同创新平台项目(项目编号:SY2022005);苏州大学科研项目(项目编号:H220915)。

摘　　要：文章以山东省首届花境职业技能竞赛作品为例,通过3年的连续观测,对60件花境作品的主题选择和植物组成进行了分析,并对其长效性进行了评价。结果表明:地域自然风貌、地域历史或人文、企业文化或理念是花境专业竞赛中三类代表性的作品主题;菊科、禾本科、唇形科为包含种和品种数最多的科。建成后第二年和第三年单件作品应用的种和品种数分别衰减了46.15%和53.85%,第三年不同生活型的存活率排序为乔木>灌木>多年生植物>一二年生植物。经综合评价,43.33%的作品具有长效性,56.67%的作品不具有长效性。文章认为,选择存活率高和稳定性好的植物类群、注重植物的适应性与立地环境的匹配、抓实施工工艺与养护技术是提升花境长效性的三个层面。研究结果可为花境的主题凝练和表达提供借鉴,为提升其长效性和持续性提供支持。Taking the first flower border vocational skill competition in Shandong as an example,based on continuous observation for three years,the theme selection,plant composition and variation,and long-term performance of 60 flower borders were analyzed and estimated.It is considered that regional natural scenery,regional history or culture,corporate culture or concepts were three themes selected for these flower borders.Asteraceae,Poaceae,and Lamiaceae were families with the most species and cultivars.Average number of species and cultivars used in a single project decreased by 46.15%and 53.85%in the second and third year upon construction,respectively.Survival rates of different life forms in the third year were ranked as trees,shrubs,perennials,annuals and biennials.According to results of comprehensive evaluation results,43.33%of all the projects had relative long-term performance,while 56.67%did not.We concluded that three factors,including selecting the plant types with high survival rates and favorable stability,paying attention to the matching of plants with site environments,and emphasizing the construction and maintenance techniques,are essential for the long-term performance of flower borders.The results may shed light on the theme extraction and expression,and improvement of long-term performance and sustainability of flower borders.

关 键 词：花境 专业竞赛 长效性 植物类群 设计主题 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]