多物理场驱动液态金属的研究与进展  

Research and progress of liquid metals driven by multiple physical fields

作　　者：黄伊星 袁锐波[1] 韩锡镇 阮鑫亿 HUANG Yixing;YUAN Ruibo;HAN Xizhen;RUAN Xinyi(Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650504,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650504

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2025年第3期315-327,共13页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划资助项目(202202AC080008)。

摘　　要：液态金属作为一种新型智能材料,以其独特的物理特性和可变形能力,近年来在多个领域展现出巨大的应用潜力。其高导电性、高导热性和流动性使其成为柔性制造、医疗器械、芯片散热和电池材料等领域的理想选择。液态金属机器人以其高自由度和灵活性,在复杂环境中展现出独特的优势,在电场、磁场及其他物理场的驱动下,液态金属机器人展现出精确控制和复杂运动的能力。通过电场调节液态金属的形状,可实现通过狭窄障碍物的目的,为微小型操作和智能操作平台提供了新的可能性。磁致伸缩原理的应用使得液态金属机器人在非接触式驱动方面取得了重要进展。利用其他物理场可以实现液态金属机器人的高速驱动、可控驱动等,结合多种驱动方式可实现液态金属机器人的快速可控移动、斜坡爬行,甚至是逆重力攀爬。本文旨在全面综述液态金属的基础性质和应用研究,从物理性质、化学反应、应用成效等多个方面进行深入探讨。最后,展望液态金属的研究方向和未来发展方向。Liquid metal,as a new type of intelligent material,has shown great application potential in many fields in recent years due to its unique physical properties and deformability.Its high electrical conductivity,high thermal conductivity and fluidity make it ideal for flexible manufacturing,medical devices,chip heat dissipation and battery materials.With its high degree of freedom and flexibility,liquid metal robots show unique advantages in complex environments.Driven by electric fields,magnetic fields and other physical fields,liquid metal robots show the ability to accurately control and complex movements.By adjusting the shape of the liquid metal through an electric field,it is possible to achieve the purpose of passing narrow obstacles,providing new possibilities for microminiature operations and intelligent operating platforms.The application of magnetostriction principle has made important progress in the non-contact driving of liquid metal robots.Other physical fields can be used to achieve high-speed driving and controllable driving of liquid metal robots,and a variety of driving methods can be combined to achieve fast controllable movement of liquid metal robots,slope crawling,and even anti-gravity climbing.This paper aims at a comprehensive review of the basic properties and application of liquid metals,from the physical properties,chemical reactions,application effects and other aspects of in-depth discussion,finally,the research direction and future development direction of liquid metals.

关 键 词：物理场 液态金属 新型材料 非接触式驱动 机器人 

分 类 号：TP212[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]