老挝万象中文教育的现状、特点与思考  

The Status Quo,Characteristics and Reflections of Chinese Education in Vientiane,Laos

作　　者：杨绪明 YANG Xu-ming(School of International Education,Nanning Normal University,Nanning 530001,China)

机构地区：[1]南宁师范大学国际教育学院,广西南宁530001

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期73-84,共12页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部中外语言交流合作中心国际中文教育创新项目“越南本土中文教师培训与资源开发”(21YH035CX1);广西哲学社会科学规划研究课题“广西壮族学龄儿童多语习得状况调查及其家庭语言规划价值研究”(23FYY012)。

摘　　要：老挝中文教育当前有华校中小学华文教育、高等院校中文(汉语)专业教学和各类培训机构汉语培训3种类型。老挝华文教育有着声誉良好、体系完整、管理有效、华语环境浓郁、华—老双语并重等特点,呈现出人际传播和组织传播互促、传播主体和受众面广的局面。华校中小学华文教育凸显“双语双文”育人目标,高校中文(汉语)专业教学关注专业发展,各类培训机构侧重汉语技能提升和考证、升学目标。万象市中文教育是老挝的代表,已形成涵盖幼儿园、小学、中学、大学及成人教育等较完整的教育体系,中文学习人数快速增长。但整体上仍存在教学管理不够科学;办学经费不足,现代化教学设备较少;合格教师相对不足,教学方法较单一;缺少统一教学大纲,教材配套性差且本土教材不多等问题。宜通过整合资源、加大本土中文师资培养力度、编写本土化教材、丰富教材种类、增设实践课程、改进教学方法和评价方式等措施提升其中文教育水平。There are at present three types of Chinese education in Laos:primary and secondary Chinese education in Chinese schools,professional Chinese teaching in colleges and universities,and Chinese training in various training institutions.The Chinese education in Laos is characterized by its good reputation,complete system,effective management,strong Chinese language environment,and emphasis on both Chinese and Lao,thus presenting a situation where interpersonal and organizational communication promote each other,and the communication subjects and audiences are extensive.The Chinese language education at primary and secondary stages in Chinese language schools highlights the goal of"bilingual and bicultural"education,while the professional Chinese teaching in colleges and universities focuses on professional development,and various training institutions emphasize the improvement of Chinese language skills,certification,and enrollment goals.As a representative of Laos,Chinese education in Vientiane has formed a relatively complete education system covering kindergartens,primary schools,secondary schools,universities and adult education,with a rapid increase in the number of Chinese learners.However,there are on the whole still such problems as a lack of scientific teaching management,insufficient school funding,limited modern teaching equipment,a relative shortage of qualified teachers,the simple and one-sided teaching methods,the lack of a unified teaching syllabus,as well as the poor compatibility of textbooks and few local textbooks.Efforts should be made to enhance the level of Chinese education by integrating resources,strengthening the training of local Chinese teachers,compiling local teaching materials,enriching the types of teaching materials,adding practical courses,and improving teaching methods and evaluation methods,etc.

关 键 词：老挝 中文教育 师资 教材资源 教学设施 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]