他者性视域下师德内涵厘定、现实审视与超越路径  

Defining the Connotation,Realistic Examination and Transcendence Paths of the Teacher Ethics from the Perspective of Otherness

作　　者：颜玉如 YAN Yuru(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《现代教育管理》2025年第1期119-128,共10页Modern Education Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学重大招标课题“中国特色社会主义教育学话语体系研究”(VAA220010)。

摘　　要：师德素养是教师专业素养的重要组成部分。随着近年来师德失范现象的显现,探索新的理论视角为提升教师的师德素养提供了新的可能。列维纳斯的他者性理论强调他者的“非同一性”,个体需超越自我,真正走向他者。借由他者性视域可以诠释师德内涵,明晰教师作为确立他者的伦理主体,与学生之间具有非对称的伦理关系,在与他者“相遇”的精神互动中,承担主体责任的伦理诉求。对照现实,“唯我论”的主体发展强调以自我为中心,表现在师生交往中,教师的道德取向产生意志“同一化”、人格“虚幻化”、责任“被动化”与行为“功利化”的失范危机。在此意义上,重新找寻教师自我与学生他者之间的道德平衡点,再构师德素养的多重维度,铸就一种新的更具“为他性”的教师道德。教师需遵循他者性伦理准则,以言说回应他者需求,以行动为他者负责,不断接纳、亲近、关爱、协调他者,践行对学生的爱与道德责任。Teacher ethics and moral literacy is a vital component of professional competence for educators.With the emergence of unethical behavior among teachers in recent years,exploring new theoretical perspectives has opened up new possibilities for enhancing teacher ethics.Levinas’s the⁃ory of otherness underscores the“non⁃identity”of the other,emphasizing that individuals must tran⁃scend the self to genuinely engage with the other.Interpreting teacher ethics through the lens of oth⁃erness involves recognizing teachers as ethical subjects who establish the“other”.This entails an asymmetrical ethical relationship with students,where the ethical demands of responsibility arise in the spiritual interaction of encountering the other.However,in practice,a self⁃centered“solipsistic”approach to personal development often dominates,manifesting in teacher⁃student interactions as cri⁃ses of ethical misconduct.These include moral orientations leaning towards the“homogenization”of intent,the“illusion”of personality,the“passivity”of responsibility,and the“utilitarianism”of ac⁃tions.In this context,it is imperative to rediscover the moral balance between teachers’selfhood and the otherness of students,reconstructing the multidimensional framework of teacher ethics to foster a new moral ethos imbued with“other⁃directedness”.This calls for adherence to the ethical principles of otherness:responding to the needs of the other through dialogue,taking responsibility for the other through action,and continually embracing,connecting with,caring for,coordinating with the other,and giving love and moral care for students’growth.

关 键 词：他者性理论 师德素养 师德师风建设 自我主体 他者主体 

分 类 号：G451.6[文化科学—教育学]