青少年道德敏感性钝化的表征及教育应对  

The Manifestation of Adolescents’ Moral Insensitivity and Educational Response

作　　者：杨淑萍[1] 苏超举 Yang Shuping;Su Chaoju(Department of Education,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian Liaoning 116029,China;Research Center for Teacher Development,China National Academy of Educational Sciences,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学教育学部,辽宁大连116029 [2]中国教育科学研究院教师发展研究所,北京100088

出　　处：《教育科学》2025年第1期30-36,共7页Education Science

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金教育学一般项目“青少年道德敏感性的生发机理及培育路径研究”(项目编号:BEA230082)。

摘　　要：道德敏感性反映了个体对最小行为刺激量的道德感知,是衡量个体道德水准和社会道德底线的重要标准,因而提升青少年学生道德敏感性理应成为道德教育的重要目标。而当下青少年道德敏感性钝化成为不争的事实,其主要症候为道德情感趋于冷漠,道德图式不健全,个人中心主义倾向突出等。造成这一问题的根源是复杂的,其中,制度上道德回报机制不完善,教育上道德知识远离青少年生活经验,社会环境上的现代性扩张弱化了青少年的道德理解力等,都是造成青少年道德敏感性钝化不可忽略的因素。因而,作为道德教育主体的学校德育应依从青少年道德敏感性的生成逻辑,注重提升青少年的道德感受能力,珍视其道德情感体验;增强道德知识对青少年真实生活的解释力,完善其道德图式;创设校园公共活动情境,在公共交往中培育青少年的公共意识,以消解个人中心主义对个体道德敏感性发展的阻抑作用。Moral sensitivity reflects the individual's moral perception of the minimum amount of behavioral stimulation, and is also an important standard to measure the individual moral level and the social moral bottom line. Therefore, improving the moral sensitivity of adolescent students should be an important goal of moral education. At present, the dulling of adolescent moral sensitivity has become an indisputable fact, and its main symptoms are indifference to moral emotions, imperfect moral schemas, and prominent individualistic tendencies. The root causes of this problem are complex, among which the imperfect institutional moral reward mechanism, the distance of moral knowledge from adolescent life experience in education, and the weakening of adolescent moral understanding in the social environment are all factors that cannot be ignored in causing the dulling of adolescent moral sensitivity. Therefore, as the main body of moral education, school moral education should follow the generative logic of adolescent moral sensitivity, focus on improving adolescents' moral perception ability and cherish their moral emotional experience;enhance the explanatory power of moral knowledge on adolescents' real life, and improve their moral schema;create a campus public activity situation, and cultivate adolescents' public consciousness in public communication, to dispel the inhibition of individual-centrism on the development of individual moral sensitivity.

关 键 词：青少年 道德敏感性 道德图式 感受能力 钝化 

分 类 号：G40-012.9[文化科学—教育学原理]