原始组织对重载车轮钢滚滑磨损性能的影响  

Effect of original microstructure on rolling-sliding wear property of heavy-duty wheel steel

作　　者：徐海峰 袁航 周霆伟 徐震霖 赵海 何宜柱[1] XU Hai-feng;YUAN Hang;ZHOU Ting-wei;XU Zhen-lin;ZHAO Hai;HE Yi-zhu(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Ma’anshan 243032,China;Ma’anshan Iron&Steel Co Ltd,Ma’anshan 243003,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院,安徽马鞍山243032 [2]马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司,安徽马鞍山243003

出　　处：《材料热处理学报》2025年第3期179-190,共12页Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment

基　　金：安徽省科技重大专项资助项目(202003a05020038);中国工程院重大咨询项目(ZGZ201812-03)。

摘　　要：通过滚滑磨损试验机、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、微米划痕仪等研究了新开发的重载贝氏体车轮的滚滑磨损性能,并与传统珠光体重载车轮进行对比。结果表明:贝氏体车轮的耐磨性优于珠光体车轮,贝氏体车轮的磨损机制为粘着磨损伴随轻微疲劳磨损,珠光体车轮磨损机制为严重疲劳磨损伴随氧化磨损。磨损后,两种车轮表层组织均发生塑性变形,其组织和强韧性沿表层深度方向呈梯度变化,越靠近表面组织细化越严重,且硬化程度越高。贝氏体车轮具有更高的抗塑性变形和加工硬化能力。珠光体车轮磨损后表层材料位错密度提升了3.89倍,贝氏体车轮则提升了7.27倍。贝氏体车轮中的残留奥氏体通过相变诱导塑性(Transformation Induced Plasticity,TRIP)效应提高车轮硬度的同时减小磨损,有利于提高车轮的耐磨性。The rolling-sliding wear performance of newly developed heavy-duty bainite wheels was studied using a rolling-sliding wear tester,X-ray diffractometer,scanning electron microscopy and micrometer scratch tester,and compared with traditional pearlite heavyduty wheels.The results show that the wear resistance of the bainite wheels is better than that of the pearlite wheels.The wear mechanism of the bainite wheels is adhesive wear accompanied by slight fatigue wear,while the wear mechanism of the pearlite wheels is severe fatigue wear accompanied by oxidation wear.After wear,both types of wheel surface structures undergo plastic deformation,and their microstructure,strength and toughness show gradient changes along the depth direction of the surface.The closer to the surface,the more severe the refinement of the microstructure,and the higher the degree of hardening.The bainite wheels have higher resistance to plastic deformation and work hardening ability.After wear,the dislocation density of the surface material of the pearlite wheels increases by 3.89 times,while that of bainite wheels increases by 7.27 times.The residual austenite in the bainite wheels increases the hardness of the wheels while reducing wear through the transformation induced plasticity(TRIP)effect,which is beneficial for improving the wear resistance of the wheels.

关 键 词：重载车轮 贝氏体钢 耐磨性 组织演变 梯度结构 加工硬化 

分 类 号：TG142.3[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]