2020—2023年浙江省温州市市售果蔬中农药残留的膳食暴露风险评估  

Risk assessment of dietary exposure to pesticide residues in commercially available fruits and vegetables in Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2023

作　　者：胡宁恩 李小东[1] 李瑞芬[1] 张晓艺[1] 蔡圆圆[1] 郑三燕[1] HU Ning’en;LI Xiaodong;LI Ruifen;ZHANG Xiaoyi;CAI Yuanyuan;ZHENG Sanyan(Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Wenzhou Health Supervision Institute),Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325000,China)

机构地区：[1]温州市疾病预防控制中心(温州市卫生监督所),浙江温州325000

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2025年第1期72-78,共7页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：温州市基础性农业科技项目(N20190021)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解浙江省温州市2020—2023年市售果蔬中农药残留状况及膳食摄入风险,为以后农药监管提供科学依据。【方法】按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》和现行各类食品相应的国家食品检验标准规定的要求和方法,采集温州市各县区蔬菜及水果共807份样品进行检测分析,最终选取检出率>5%及有超标情况的23种农药进行膳食摄入风险评估。【结果】2020—2023年浙江省温州市监测的果蔬中农药残留总检出率为71.62%,总超标率为5.27%。从果蔬中农药残留监测情况结果来看,鲜豆类检出率最高,达到90.00%;6大类农药监测中,蔬菜和水果杀菌剂检出率最高,分别为68.18%和85.03%;蔬菜中超标率最高的为有机磷农药,达2.85%;水果中超标率最高的为新烟碱类农药,达3.21%。从采样时间来看,浙江省温州市果蔬农药残留检出率的高峰期为6月份和10月份。检出率>5%的23种农药,以农药残留P95监测值计算,食品安全指数(IFS)范围在0.000 7~0.694 2,均<1;以含量最大值计算,二硫代氨基甲酸酯(以CS2计)、百菌清、丙环唑3种农药IFS值均>1,表明这3种农药检测最大值超出了可接受的安全风险。23种农药急性膳食摄入风险水平范围为1.26%~52.65%。【结论】2020—2023年浙江省温州市市售果蔬中农药残留总体情况较好,但部分果蔬农药超标率较高。需要重点关注温州市市售鲜豆类蔬菜、鳞茎类蔬菜和部分水果中杀菌剂、新烟碱类和有机磷农药残留的情况,如杨梅和豇豆中啶虫脒,草莓中烯酰吗啉,韭菜中毒死蜱等,须加强对食品中农药残留的监测。[Objective]To investigate the status and dietary intake risk of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sold in Wenzhou,Zhejiang Province from 2020 to 2023,so as to provide a scientific basis for the regulation and management of pesticide in the future.[Methods]In accordance with the requirements and methods specified in the“National Food Contamination and Hazardous Factor Risk Monitoring Work Manual”and the current corresponding national food inspection standards for various foods,a total of 807 samples of vegetables and fruits from various counties and districts of Wenzhou City were collected for testing and analysis.Eventually,23 types of pesticides with a detection rate greater than 5%and those exceeding the standard were selected for dietary intake risk assessment.[Results]From 2020 to 2023,the overall detection rate of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables monitored in Wenzhou was 71.62%,with an overall exceedance rate of 5.27%.From the results of the monitoring of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables,fresh legume vegetables had the highest detection rate of 90.00%.Among the six major categories of pesticides monitored,fungicides in vegetables and fruits had the highest detection rates of 68.18%and 85.03%,respectively.The highest exceedance rate in vegetables was organophosphorus pesticides,accounting for 2.85%,while in fruits,neonicotinoid pesticides had the highest exceedance rate of 3.21%.From the perspective of sampling time,the peak detection rate of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in Wenzhou occurred in June and October.The index of food safety(IFS)of the 23 pesticides with a detection rate higher than 5%ranged from 0.0007 to 0.6942 based on the 95%monitoring value of pesticide residues,which were all less than 1.Calculated at maximum content,the IFS values of dithiocarbamate(calculated by CS2),chlorothalonil and propiconazole were all greater than 1,indicating that the maximum detection values of the three pesticides exceeded the acceptable safety risk.The risk level

关 键 词：食品安全 农药残留 果蔬 膳食风险 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]