国别研究的特性与方法——《菊与刀》的范例与启发  

The Nature and the Research Method of Country-specific Studies:What Can The Chrysanthemum and the Sword Inform?

作　　者：王向远 WANG Xiangyuan

机构地区：[1]广东外语外贸大学日语语言文化学院/东方学研究院

出　　处：《广东外语外贸大学学报》2024年第6期25-36,共12页Journal of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies

摘　　要：国别研究的基本特性与研究方法问题,是区域国别研究及区域国别东方学学科理论建设的首要问题。美国学者本尼迪克特的名著《菊与刀》在这方面参考价值最大。通过对此书的分析阐发,我们可以提出并尝试解答三个问题:第一,谁来做国别研究?或者说国别研究需要什么样的条件?第二,为什么《菊与刀》作为国别研究的成果会具有日本人的本国研究所难达到的学术效果?由此明确本国研究与国别研究的根本区别。第三,国别研究的特殊方法是什么?为什么说《菊与刀》中对所谓“范畴”“符号”的发现与提炼,将国家予以“人格化”的方法,是国别研究的根本方法?The Chrysanthemum and the Sword by the American anthropologist Ruth Benedict may inform the country-specific studies in terms of its nature and research method which is essential to the theoretical development of area studies,area-specific oriental studies,and country-specific oriental studies.Reading this important book may raise the following questions:1)Who qualifies for countryspecific studies?Or what are the requirements for a scholar of this area?2)Why does The Chrysanthemum and the Sword as a country-specific study have those findings that Japanese scholars themselves would have found it difficult to achieve?3)What research methods should be applied to country-specific studies?Analysis of the author and interpretation of the book might be able to give an answer to each of the questions.The Chrysanthemum and the Sword not only suggests those essential differences between studies of a country by insiders and country-specific studies by outsiders,but also demonstrates a particular method of doing country-specific studies:personalizing the country and discovering categories and symbols its people use.

关 键 词：区域研究 国别研究 区域国别东方学 《菊与刀》 

分 类 号：I0-05[文学—文学理论]