“尊朱”与“批朱”:论康有为对朱熹与理学评介的矛盾性  

“Revering Zhu Xi”and“Criticizing Zhu Xi”:On the contradiction of Kang Youwei’s commentary on Zhu Xi and Neo-Confucianism

作　　者：莫蕤 Mo Rui

机构地区：[1]澳门科技大学社会和文化研究所,中国澳门

出　　处：《朱子学研究》2024年第2期114-128,共15页Zhuism Journal

摘　　要：对朱子与理学研究的热潮在晚清呈现出短暂的复兴现象。康有为早年受朱次琦的影响,亦对理学产生了浓厚兴趣。他坚持“朱陆并举”,视朱子“工夫论”为俾补王学鄙陋之良方,高度赞扬理学“圣人实学”的意蕴。他上下融通,在建构孔教传承谱系时,力求坐实朱熹在孔教中“小教王”的地位,将朱熹誉为孔子殁后学说最博大精深者。但是,基于现实考量,在对朱学进行更为深入的审视之后,他却发现朱学“偏废”,未全得孔子真谛。而朱学中存有的“间杂佛老”与“循墨”的思想,南海更给予严厉批判。“尊朱”与“批朱”的前后矛盾,展现出康有为对朱子与理学认知的复杂性。而他以旧学进行改制的举措,最终难以避免地堕入空想境地。The upsurge of studying Zhu Xi and Neo-Confucianism experienced a brief revival in the late Qing Dynasty.Influenced by Zhu Ciqi in his early years,Kang Youwei also developed a strong interest in Neo-Confucianism.He insisted on“advocating the thoughts of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan at the same time”,regarded Zhu Xi’s“practical method”as a good way to make up for the deviation of the Wang School,and highly praised Neo-Confucianism as the connotation of“sage’s practical learning”.He sorted out the inheritance of Confucianism,and when constructing the inheritance genealogy of Confucianism,he tried to solidify Zhu Xi’s status as the“small king“in Confucianism,praising Zhu Xi as the person who mastered Confucianism most profoundly after the death of Confucius.However,based on realistic considerations,after a more in-depth examination of Zhu Xi’s doctrine,it was found that Zhu Xi’s understanding of Confucius’doctrine was biased and did not fully grasp the true meaning of Confucius’doctrine.Nanhai severely criticized Zhu Xi’s remarks that“mixed Buddhist and Taoist ideas”and“followed Mozi’s ideas”.The contradiction between“Revering Zhu Xi”and“criticizing Zhu Xi”shows the complexity of Kang Youwei’s cognition on Zhu Xi and Neo-Confucianism.His move to reform the traditional academic system inevitably fell into utopia.

关 键 词：康有为 朱熹 理学 孔教 

分 类 号：B258[哲学宗教—中国哲学]