基于MATLAB的水轮机调速器PID参数设计仿真研究  

Simulation Research on PID Parameter Design of Hydro Turbine Governor Based on MATLAB

作　　者：贺晋尧 关培烁 陈强 宣松领 余春宏 邱雁 HE Jinyao;GUAN Peishuo;CHEN Qiang;XUAN Songling;YU Chunhong;QIU Yan(Yalong River Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610051,China)

机构地区：[1]雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司,成都610051

出　　处：《大电机技术》2024年第S1期75-80,87,共7页Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine

摘　　要：为研究不同PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)参数设定下水轮机调速器的理论控制效果,本文以实际电站为依托通过MATLAB建立数值模型进行仿真研究,对比在不同比例增益Kp,积分增益Ki,微分增益Kd参数值下水轮机调速器控制效果,结合积分分离PID控制算法,对不同参数,不同控制算法下的仿真结果进行分析。结果表明:当Kp过大时,系统会有明显的振荡,此时PID调节不具有稳定性;Kp过小时,出现超调现象,调节性能下降;当Ki过小或者过大,调节效果将受到影响,积分时间的大小表征了积分控制作用的强弱,积分时间越小,控制作用越强;Kd过大,调节效果变差,调节前期伴有振荡,微分控制不能消除余差,对于恒定偏差输入时,没有控制作用;最后在采用积分分离控制算法后,控制系统的稳定性以及控制精度有了明显提升,收敛速度更快,为实际工程中水轮机调速器PID参数设置提供一定参考。In order to study the theoretical control effect of the turbine governor with different PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)parameters,this paper uses MATLAB to establish a numerical model for simulation research based on an actual power station,,compares the control effect of the turbine governor under different Kp,Ki,Kd values,and analyzes the results under different parameters and different control algorithms by combining the integral separation PID control algorithm.The results show that when the Kp is too large,the system will have obvious oscillation,and the PID adjustment is not stable,and when the Kp decreases,the adjustment will overshoot and the adjustment performance will decrease.When the Ki is too small or too large,the adjustment effect will be affected,and the size of the integration time represents the strength of the integration control effect,and the smaller the integration time,the stronger the control effect.If Kd is too large,the adjustment effect becomes worse,and the adjustment is accompanied by oscillation in the early stage,and the differential control cannot eliminate the residual difference,and there is no control effect when the constant deviation is input;Finally,after the integral separation control algorithm is adopted,the stability and control accuracy of the control system are significantly improved,and the convergence speed is faster,which provides a certain reference for the PID parameter setting of the hydraulic turbine governor in practical engineering.

关 键 词：PID 调速器 积分分离 

分 类 号：TK730.41[交通运输工程—轮机工程]