随迁子女义务教育政府购买学位政策的现实考察——以珠三角六市为例  

A Study on the Government's Policy of Purchasing Public Services in Compulsory Education for Migrant Children:A Case Study of Six Cities from the Pearl River Delta

作　　者：吴开俊[1] 周君佐 窦亚飞 WU Kai-jun;ZHOU Jun-zuo;DOU Ya-fei(School of Education,Guangzhou University)

机构地区：[1]广州大学教育经济研究中心 [2]广州大学教育学院

出　　处：《教育经济评论》2024年第6期63-75,共13页China Economics of Education Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金2023年度面上项目“超大特大城市随迁子女义务教育高质量发展的经费保障机制研究”(72373033)

摘　　要：政府购买民办义务教育学位是人口流入主导型城市解决随迁子女教育问题的重要举措。文章选取随迁子女体量较大的珠三角六个城市,通过政策文本分析与访谈调查相结合的研究方法,对政府购买学位政策的执行情况进行评价。研究发现,在国家层面关于政府购买学位的政策规制下,地方政府的政策执行呈现出购买方式以间接购买为主、承接主体和受补助对象因地而异、补贴标准趋同且相对稳定、财政责任明确且分担方式多元等特征。就政策成效来看,政府购买学位政策体现了地方政府履行教育基本公共服务供给的主体责任,在一定程度上发挥了保障随迁子女入学的教育公平促进作用,形式灵活并与规范民办义务教育发挥了政策协同效应。但与此同时,该政策在执行过程中面临支出责任下沉、补助对象泛化、购买质量欠佳、过程管理不完善等困境。统筹规范民办教育发展、推进入学待遇同城化、完善购买学位保障机制是优化政府购买随迁子女学位制度安排的关键所在。为此,应因地制宜规范发展民办义务教育,科学划分财政支出的政府责任,完善政府购买学位工作机制,合理控制政府购买学位规模并有序扩大公办义务教育学位供给。The government's purchase of private elementary education enrollment is an important measure for population-inflow-driven cities to solve the problem of children of migrant workers.This paper selects six cities from the Pearl River Delta which have a large number of migrant children to evaluate the implementation of the government's policy of purchasing enrollments through the combination of policy text analysis and interview survey.The research finds that under the regulation of national policies,local government policy implementation has the characteristics of indirect purchase as the main purchase method,varying recipients and sponsors according to the local situation,similar subsidy standards and stable subsidy levels,and clear financial responsibilities and diverse allocation methods,etc.In terms of policy effectiveness,the government's policy of purchasing enrollments reflects the main responsibility of local governments to fulfill the supply of basic public services for education,plays a role in promoting educational equity to ensure the enrollment of migrant children to a certain extent,and plays a synergistic effect with the policy of standardizing private compulsory education.However,the policy is faced with challenges such as the sinking of expenditure responsibility,the generalization of subsidy objects,the poor quality of purchase,the absence of process management,and the adjustment of supporting policies.The key to optimize the arrangement of the government's purchase of enrollments is to promote and standardize the development of private education,accelerate the construction of education in the same city,and perfect the mechanism of enrollments purchase.Countermeasures and suggestions are as follows:standardize the development of private compulsory education in light of local conditions,scientifically divide government responsibility for fiscal expenditure,improve the working mechanism for purchasing degrees,reasonably control the scale of government purchasing degrees,and orderly expand the supply

关 键 词：政府购买学位 随迁子女 义务教育 政策执行 

分 类 号：G522.3[文化科学—教育学]