颜元的反理学思想及评价——以礼学为视角的探讨  

Reconsidering the Anti Neo-Confucianism Thought of Yan Yuan:A Ritual Study Perspective

作　　者：潘斌 Pan Bin(Institute of Social Development,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,Sichuan,611130,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学社会发展研究院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《古代文明(中英文)》2025年第2期131-144,M0007,共15页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“明代礼学思想研究”(项目批号:23BZX034)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：颜元三十岁以来阅读《家礼》和力行经历是其思想转变的最深层推动力,居丧事件只是其思想转变的直接诱因。颜元对理学的批判,实际上是将理学内省工夫所带来的消极影响不遗余力地予以放大,而对理学重实践工夫的一面视而不见。颜元认为习礼、行礼以及提倡礼教是在纠理学家“主静”之弊,而事实上是进一步强化了理学家所主张的实践工夫。对习礼、行礼的强调是颜元体用观的王学色彩之体现;其对理学家的礼教视而不见,是其试图阻止理学家的礼教滑向观念和知识的可能。颜元重视习礼、行礼对于矫正理学和心学在发展过程中所产生的虚浮之弊有积极意义。不过其对礼的实践意义的过分强调、对于礼书文本研究的排斥,客观上并不利于礼学的传承和礼教的开展。Since the age of thirty,reading about and practicing family rites had been the real driving force of Yan Yuan to achieve his ideological transformation.Yan Yuan's criticism of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism actually amplified the negative impact of Neo-Confucian introspection without paying any attention to Neo-Confucian emphasis on practice.Yan Yuan believed that studying and practicing rituals and promoting etiquette were the ways to correct the problems of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucian scholars'emphasis on calm as a method of cultivation.In fact,however,he further strengthened the practical skills advocated by Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucian scholars.Yan Yuan's emphasis on studying and practicing rituals is his manifestation in favor of Wang Yangming school.He turned a blind eye to the ethical teachings of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucian scholars and overemphasized the importance of practicing etiquette.

关 键 词：颜元 礼学 理学 反理学 

分 类 号：B249.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]