铁路轨道用钢研究进展  

Review on steels for railway tracks

作　　者：陈晨[1] 康杰 冯晓勇 王明明 吕博[5] 杨志南 张福成 CHEN Chen;KANG Jie;FENG XiaoYong;WANG MingMing;LV Bo;YANG ZhiNan;ZHANG FuCheng(State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China;College of Metallurgy and Energy,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学亚稳材料制备技术与科学国家重点实验室,秦皇岛066004 [2]河北科技大学材料科学与工程学院,石家庄050018 [3]华北理工大学冶金与能源学院,唐山063210 [4]华北理工大学机械工程学院,唐山063210 [5]燕山大学环境与化学工程学院,秦皇岛066004 [6]燕山大学国家冷轧板带装备及工艺工程技术研究中心,秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《中国科学:技术科学》2025年第3期369-396,共28页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2021YFB3703500);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:52201143,52171049,52122410,52374406);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(编号:BJK2023033);燕赵青年科学家项目(编号:E2023203259)资助。

摘　　要：铁路是国家的重要基础设施,是国家综合交通运输体系的骨干,铁路运输在推动国民经济发展中扮演着举足轻重的角色.经过多年的发展,我国铁路取得了举世瞩目的成就,成为推动世界铁路发展的重要力量.轨道是铁路系统的关键组成部分,引导机车车辆运行,其稳定、安全、长寿的服役性能对于保证国家和人民财产安全、提升铁路运输效率至关重要,同时也是支持铁路快速发展的关键保障.随着铁路运输向高速、重载、大轴重等趋势发展,铁路线路向高海拔、强辐照、大温差等地区延伸,轨道的服役条件不断恶化,导致铁路系统对轨道用钢使用性能的要求不断提高,以保障铁路运输安全.本文以铁路轨道用钢的微观结构为主线,全面综述了铁路轨道用钢的研究进展和新技术研发现状,指出了当前不同类型铁路轨道用钢中存在的主要问题,并对未来一段时间内铁路轨道用钢在理论研究、技术创新和应用推广方面的重点发展方向进行了探讨.Railway is an important national infrastructure,which is a key component of the comprehensive transportation system.Railway transportation plays a crucial role in promoting national economic development.China’s railway has achieved remarkable accomplishments after years of development,becoming a considerable force in promoting the development of global railways.The track is a core part of the railway system,which guides the operation of trains.Its steady,safe,and long-lived service performance is vital to ensure the safety of national and people’s property,improve railway transportation efficiency,and support the rapid development of railways.With the trends of railway transportation towards high speed,heavy haul,and large axle load,and railway lines close to areas with high altitude,strong radiation,and large temperature difference,the service condition of railway tracks is deteriorating.This requires the continuous improvement of properties of steels for railway tracks to guarantee safe transportation.The present paper reviews the research progress and current status of new technology development of steels for railway tracks,following a main thread of microstructure of steels.The main problems of different steels for railway tracks are pointed out and the key development directions of these steels in theoretical research,technological innovation,and application promotion in the future are discussed.

关 键 词：铁路轨道用钢 高锰奥氏体钢 贝氏体钢 珠光体钢 马氏体钢 研究进展 

分 类 号：F53[经济管理—产业经济]