微波辅助重瓣蜀葵种子油提取及脂肪酸成分分析  

Microwave-assisted Extraction and Fatty Acid Composition Analysis of Althaea chinensis Wall.‘Chater's Double’Seed Oil

作　　者：钟姿健 姜红宇 黄光文 桂晨 卢子慧 陈小明 Zhong Zijian;Jiang Hongyu;Huang Guangwen;Gui Chen;Lu Zihui;Chen Xiaoming(School of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Yongzhou 425199;Research and Development Center of Plant Resources in the Nanling Mountain,Hunan Province,Yongzhou 425199)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技学院化学与生物工程学院,永州425199 [2]湖南南岭地区植物资源研究开发湖南省工程研究中心,永州425199

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2025年第3期111-116,共6页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年项目(23B0751);湖南省科技特派员服务乡村振兴项目(2023NK4153)。

摘　　要：以石油醚为溶剂,利用微波辅助提取重瓣蜀葵种子油,通过单因素和正交实验优化提取条件,测定了种子油的理化性质,并经甲酯化后测定其脂肪酸成分。研究表明,重瓣蜀葵种子油提取最佳条件为:料液比1∶15、微波功率260 W、微波时间30 min、微波温度40℃,在此条件下重瓣蜀葵种子油的出油率可达到18.77%,其脂肪酸值、皂化值、过氧化值、碘值、密度分别为0.98 mg KOH/g、267.98 mg/g、0.89 mmol/kg、134.43 g/100 g、0.907 g/cm^(3),色泽为浅棕色。经气相色谱仪检测,重瓣蜀葵种子的脂肪酸有11种,主要组成是亚油酸(质量分数为62.45%)、棕榈酸(质量分数为12.77%)、油酸(质量分数为8.45%)、硬脂酸(质量分数为8.37%)等,不饱和脂肪酸质量分数达到72.77%,饱和脂肪酸质量分数达到27.23%。重瓣蜀葵种子油中含有花生二烯酸、花生四烯酸、花生五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸,有独特的生理作用,具有开发功能性保健植物油的优势,而普通蜀葵种子油中没有检测到,重瓣蜀葵的种子脂肪酸成分发生了变异。With petroleum ether as a solvent,microwave-assisted extraction of Althaea chinensis Wall.Chater's Double seed oil was carried out.The physicochemical properties of seed oil were determined by single factor and orthogonal experiments to optimize the extraction conditions,and the fatty acid components of the seed oil were determined after methylation.The fatty acid composition was determined after esterification.The research results indicated that the optimal conditions for extracting Althaea chinensis Wall.Chater's Double seed oil were solid-liquid ratio of 1∶15,microwave power of 260 W,microwave time of 30 minutes and microwave temperature of 40℃.Under these conditions,the oil yield of Althaea chinensis Wall.‘chater's’Double seed oil could reach 18.77%,with fatty acid value,saponification number,peroxide value,iodine value,and the intensity of 0.98 mg KOH/g,267.98 mg/g,0.89 mmol/kg,134.43 g/100 g,and 0.907 g/cm^(3),respectively,the color was light brown.In accordance with gas chromatograph detection,there were 11 types of fatty acids in the seeds of Althaea chinensis Wall.‘Chater's Double,mainly composed of linoleic acid(62.45%),palmitic acid(12.77%),trans oleic acid(8.45%)and stearic acid(8.37%).The unsaturated fatty acid content reached 72.77%and the saturated fatty acid content reached 27,23%.Althaea chinensis Wall.‘Chater's Double’seed oil contained cis-11-eicosenoicacid,arachidonic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid,having unique physiological effect and being excellent for developing functional health vegetable oils.However,these components were not detected in the seed oil of common Althaea chinensis Wall,and the fatty acid components of the seeds of Althaea chinensis Wall.‘Chater's Double’changed.

关 键 词：重瓣蜀葵 种子油 微波辅助 气相色谱法 脂肪酸成分 

分 类 号：TS222.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]