补齐乡村中小学STEM教育短板:美澳两国的实践与启示  

Bridging the Gap in STEM Education for Rural K-12 Students:Practices and Insights from the US and Australia

作　　者：李伟[1] 邬志辉[1] LI Wei;WU Zhihui(China Institute of Rural Education Development,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社科重点研究基地东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院,长春130024

出　　处：《比较教育学报》2025年第2期51-65,共15页Journal of Comparative Education

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大专项“建立同人口变化相协调的基本公共教育服务供给机制研究”(项目编号:24ZDA030)。

摘　　要：随着STEM教育的价值日益彰显,乡村中小学STEM教育发展滞后问题引起美澳两国重视。美澳两国逐渐认识到推进乡村中小学STEM教育对培养国家紧缺工程科技人才、维护城乡社会公平、促进乡村经济发展等方面的特殊意义。但乡村中小学STEM教育面临教育资源供给不足、STEM学科师资短缺与培训缺位,以及乡村家长观念落后、支持性不足等阻碍。为此,美澳两国采取了建立政府主导与社会力量参与的投入保障体系、鼓励乡村学校与社区合作利用本地资源、开发面向K-12各级各类学生的全纳性STEM课程、开展远程STEM教育和校外非正式STEM活动,以及提升乡村中小学STEM教师专业能力与校长STEM教育领导力等诸多举措。这些经验启示我们要建立政府主导、社会参与的STEM教育支持机制,鼓励乡村中小学开发本土化STEM课程,搭建城乡STEM资源共享平台,创新乡村中小学STEM教育形式,以及加强乡村中小学STEM学科教师队伍建设。With the increasingly prominent value of STEM education,foreign countries began to pay attention to STEM education in rural areas.Studies on rural STEM education show that rural STEM education has the functions of cultivating scientific and technological talents,maintaining social equity,and promoting rural economic development.However,rural STEM education is facing such problems as the lack of STEM resources and STEM teachers in rural schools and areas,and the lack of support from rural parents.To solve the above problems,the United States and Australia have taken many measures,such as establishing a government-led and social forces-involved rural STEM education investment guarantee system,encouraging rural schools and communities to cooperate in using local STEM resources,developing inclusive STEM courses covering all kinds of students at all levels,carrying out online STEM education and informal STEM activities outside the school,and improving the professional ability of rural STEM teachers and the leadership of principals in STEM education.Referring to the relevant experience abroad,when implementing rural STEM education in China,it should establish a multi-body investment guarantees system for rural STEM education,encourage rural schools to develop localized STEM curriculum,build a platform for sharing STEM educational resources between urban and rural areas,innovate rural STEM education forms and strengthen the construction of rural STEM teachers.

关 键 词：乡村STEM教育 科学教育 STEM课程 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]