有机酸淋洗和废菌棒添加对铜尾矿盆栽实验中养分和重金属的影响  

Effects of organic acid washing and edible fungi residue addition on nutrients and heavy metals in copper tailings potting experiments

作　　者：颜溪鸣 黄玥娜 杨顺富 朱彬 作建芬 田森林[1] 黄建洪[1] YAN Ximing;HUANG Yuena;YANG Shunfu;ZHU Bin;ZUO Jianfen;TIAN Senlin;HUANG Jianhong(Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2025年第2期446-456,共11页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFC3709105);云南省重大科技专项计划资助项目(202302AB080010)。

摘　　要：尾矿作为矿山开采后的废弃物,针对其重金属毒性高和养分贫瘠等导致生态修复工程难度增加的问题,采用有机酸淋洗和菌棒添加的方式实现尾矿中重金属稳定和养分提升,以使得其能够满足植物生长。通过选取5种有机酸按0.1 mol·L^(-1)浓度对尾矿进行淋洗然后再添加菌棒,采用微生物-植物的生态修复方式进行盆栽实验模拟尾矿生态修复过程,研究了有机酸淋洗和菌棒添加对铜尾矿中养分和重金属变化情况及作用机理。结果表明,当有机酸淋洗和菌棒添加时,铜尾矿中有机质提高了12.08~17.37 g·kg^(-1),碱解氮提高了96.89~114.00 mg·kg^(-1),速效磷提高了8.68~10.68 mg·kg^(-1),速效钾提高了44.73~92.96 mg·kg^(-1),其养分质量分数基本达到绿化种植土壤肥力技术要求;同时,减少了Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn弱酸提取态比例,对Cu的效果最明显,有机酸处理最高可减少7.3%,菌棒添加能减少18.82%~15.55%。本研究结果可为尾矿生态修复过程养分改善及重金属稳定提供理论参考。Tailings are the waste after mining,due to its high heavy metal toxicity and poor nutrients,which lead to an increase in the difficulty of ecological restoration projects.The use of organic acid washing and edible fungi residue addition can achieve heavy metal stabilization and nutrient upgrading in tailings,in order to make it meet the needs of plant growth.By selecting five organic acids at a concentration of 0.1 mol∙L^(-1) for washing tailings and then adding edible fungi residue,using the ecological restoration method of microorganism-plant for potting experiments to simulate the ecological restoration process of tailings,the effects of organic acid washing and edible fungi residue addition on the nutrient and heavy metal changes in copper tailings and their mechanisms were studied.The results showed that when organic acid washing and edible fungi residue were added together,the organic matter in copper tailings increased 12.08~17.37 g∙kg^(-1),alkaline dissolved nitrogen increased 96.89~114.00 g∙kg^(-1),quick-acting phosphorus increased 8.68~10.68 g∙kg^(-1),quick-acting potassium increased 44.73~92.96 g∙kg^(-1),and its nutrient mass fraction has basically reached the green planting soil fertility technical requirements.At the same time,they reduced the proportion of Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn in weak acid extraction state.The most obvious effect was on Cu.The organic acid treatment can be reduced by up to 7.3%,and the addition of edible fungi residue can reduce the content by 18.82%~15.55%.The results of this study can provide theoretical references for nutrient improvement and heavy metal stabilization during the ecological rehabilitation of tailings.

关 键 词：尾矿 重金属 有机酸 养分 废菌棒 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X751