论休谟道德哲学中的为“旁观者”  

On the"Spectator"in Hume's Moral Philosophy

作　　者：李薇[1] LI Wei(Institute of Philosophy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《中国人民大学学报》2025年第2期143-152,共10页Journal of Renmin University of China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“以18世纪英国道德情感主义为考察中心的情感和道德问题研究”队段件出里文白色(24CZX082)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在休谟的道德哲学中,旁观者是一个非常重要的角色。这一角色实则是休谟以18世纪著名的启蒙杂志《旁观者》为蓝本所塑造的,同时也蕴含着他推进道德实践的哲学理想。在休谟早期思想中,旁观者被视作一种将实验方法引入人性科学或道德哲学的观察立场,其背后反映出休谟力图摆脱近代早期神学和形而上学的解释框架以建构新思想的理论尝试。休谟在经过文风改良后的《道德原理研究》中凸显了旁观者的道德评价功能,旨在为建构以利他为根据的道德准则探寻一条有效的经验主义路径。鉴于此,对旁观者进行系统分析和考察,对于深入理解休谟的道德哲学乃至人性科学尤为重要。The spectator plays a very important role in Hume's moral philosophy.Carrying Hume's philosophical ideals of promoting moral practice,this character was Hume's creation after the The Spectator magazine well-known in the 18th century.In Hume's early thought,the spectator is seen as an observational position introducing experimental methods into the science of human or moral philosophy,a reflection of Hume's attempt to break the explanatory frameworks of early modern theology and metaphysics in order to construct new ideas.Hume highlights the moral evaluation function of the spectator in his revised An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals,aiming to explore an effective empirical path for the construction of moral principles based on altruism.For this reason,to systematically examine the spectator is particularly important for a deeper understanding of Hume's moral philosophy and the science of human.

关 键 词：休谟 人性 德性 道德 旁观者 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]