以风土记反思民族志  

Rethinking Ethnography with the“Fengtu”Records

作　　者：张帆[1] Zhang Fan(Department of Sociology,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《开放时代》2025年第2期59-75,M0005,共18页Open Times

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“世界多元文明传统与多元知识体系的比较研究”(项目编号:24&ZD312)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：继权力批判和表征危机之后,近年来人类学对民族志展开了新一轮反思,指出民族志是在由万物构成的不同世界中穿梭、转译和对话的过程,从而消解启蒙认识论之下人与非人、文化与自然等的分裂,进而拓展“社会”概念的内涵。本文回到中国的风土记传统以推进这一反思,通过对风土记文本的分析,展现了一种将“风”(人、事)和“土”(地、物)纳入民族志对象并落实于将养生息的生命-技术-象征结构的路径。本文认为,风土观构成对现代民族志自然观的反思和丰富,有助于真正跳出主-客、我-他等框架,构建一种得以容纳风土万物诸范畴的民族志新可能,从而实现从有形到无形、推己及它、贴近人心的考察。Following critiques of power and the crisis of representation,anthropology has entered a new phase of reflection on ethnography,emphasizing the processes of translation and dialogue across different worlds,thus challenging the epistemological binaries between human and non-human,culture and nature,and expanding the connotation of the concept of society.In order to advance this reflection,this article revisits the Chinese concept of fengtu(wind and earth)and the Chinese tradition of fengtu records for a reconstruction of ethnographic practices.The article argues that the fengtu records,focusing on the interaction between“wind”(human and cultural aspects)and“earth”(natural and material aspects),offers a holistic approach to understanding the life-world.By integrating relational and ecological perspectives,it challenges dichotomies such as nature against culture and subject against object,presenting fengtu records as an alternative framework for a more inclusive and relational ethnography that accommodates various categories and bridges the visible and the invisible,self and the other,and mind and body.

关 键 词：民族志 风土记 风土 人类中心主义 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]