书写作为方法:“汉字文化圈”、书写传统与历史叙事  

Writing as Method:The Chinese Character Cultural Sphere,Writing Traditions,and Historical Narratives

作　　者：武春野[1] Wu Chunye

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学,上海200083

出　　处：《文史哲》2025年第2期141-150,168,共11页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：国家社科后期资助项目“‘汉字文化圈’国家的比较研究”(21FYYB063)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：汉字是中国文化的核心传统,也是东亚地区共享的文化遗产。汉字作为区域共同语发挥的文化整合作用,是古代东亚世界秩序的重要支点,而训读作为此区域内普遍存在的文化实践,塑造了东亚各地的多元书写文化传统。19世纪后半期以来,语文改革被纳入国家近代化方案,引发了遍及东亚地区的新语文运动。语文改革不但关系到对现实情势的认识,也涉及对历史的认知和解释,两者互相影响,历史上的书写问题于是成为东亚各地身份认同和历史想象的焦点,出现了不同的历史叙事模式。从辨析“汉字文化圈”这一概念入手,可在思想史脉络中讨论三类有关古代东亚书写传统的历史叙事模式。这些历史叙事形成了彼此竞争的历史解释模式,从而导致书写问题在其中“去问题化”或“重新问题化”。近代东亚地区的政治现实对历史学者的想象力形成压力,时而导致一种“想象的紧张”,即过分强调传统与变革、汉字与其他书写系统、书写文化与口头文化之间的对立,往往忽视了古代东亚世界已形成多元书写传统,而近代新语文运动更多反映了多元传统内部的相对位移。Chinese characters constitute a foundational tradition of Chinese culture and a shared cultural heritage across East Asia.As a regional lingua franca,they played a central role in fostering cultural integration and served as a key pillar of the ancient East Asian world order.Since the late 19th century,written and spoken language reforms became integral to national modernization agendas.This study begins by examining the concept of the“Chinese character cultural sphere”and explores three modes of historical narrative regarding ancient East Asian writing traditions.These competing narrative models provide distinct historical interpretations,often resulting in the de-problematization or re-problematization of Chinese character.The political realities of modern East Asia imposed constraints on the historical imagination,frequently giving rise to an“imaginative tension”characterized by an overemphasis on binary oppositions,such as tradition versus reform,Chinese characters versus alternative written characters,and written versus oral cultures.Such framing tends to obscure the fact that a pluralistic tradition of writing systems had already emerged in the ancient East Asian world.Consequently,the modern language reform movements are better understood as reflecting shifts within these diverse traditions rather than constituting radical breaks from them.

关 键 词：“汉字文化圈” 新语文运动 历史叙事 身份认同 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]