航空制造中空间分布圆孔三维定位技术研究  

Research on Three-Dimensional Localization Technology of Spatially Distributed Circular Holes in Aerospace Manufacturing

作　　者：范云龙 王海亮 毛定群 叶南[1] FAN Yunlong;WANG Hailiang;MAO Dingqun;YE Nan(Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学,南京210016

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2025年第5期84-92,113,共10页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075260)。

摘　　要：针对航空制造中对空间分布圆孔的三维数字化质量检测的需求,本文基于视觉测量技术,系统探讨了机加圆孔的空间定位与三维重建方法。为消除机加圆孔加工表面质量和表面纹理等因素影响,采用了一种基于弧段分组技术的圆孔图像提取方法,并提出一种有效的筛选机制。引入两视锥重建与求交算法对圆孔进行空间初定位,以此作为空间圆位姿初值,并建立了空间圆位姿优化误差方程,结合多视图几何获得的相机内外参数,采用Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)算法对空间圆姿态进行优化求解。在3个空间分布的样件上加工出孔径为2~8 mm,呈空间分布的圆孔阵列,本文方法能够实现对圆孔边缘和位置的精准识别与重建,重建圆孔与数模对比的平均偏差不大于0.112/–0.100 mm,最大上下偏差不超过0.200/–0.200 mm。To address the need for 3D digital quality inspection of spatially distributed circular holes in aerospace manufacturing,this paper systematically investigates methods for spatial positioning and 3D reconstruction of machined circular holes based on vision measurement technology.To mitigate the influence of surface quality and texture of machined circular holes,an image extraction method for circular holes based on arc-segment grouping technology is adopted,along with a proposed effective screening mechanism.A dual-cone reconstruction and intersection algorithm is introduced to preliminarily position the circular holes in space,providing initial values for the spatial circle pose.An error equation for optimizing the spatial circle pose is established,and the Levenberg-Marquardt(LM) algorithm is used to refine the pose solution,leveraging intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters obtained through multi-view geometry.Circular hole arrays with diameters ranging 2 – 8 mm were machined on three samples in spatial distributions.The proposed method achieved precise identification and reconstruction of circular hole edges and positions,with an average deviation of reconstructed circles from CAD models within 0.112/– 0.100 mm and a maximum deviation not exceeding 0.200/– 0.200 mm.

关 键 词：机加圆孔 视觉测量 椭圆提取 三维重建 多视图几何 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]