论百年中国儿童文学文体演进的价值诉求  

On the Value Appeals in the Evolution of Chinese Children's Literature Genres Over the Past Century

作　　者：张国龙[1,2] ZHANG Guolong

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学文学院 [2]北京文化发展研究基地,北京100875

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第2期1-12,共12页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“百年中国儿童文学学术史研究”(24&ZD238)。

摘　　要：梳理百年中国儿童文学文体的演进轨迹,各个时代的价值诉求往往决定了某种文体的权重。具体说来,“儿童小说”的通俗易懂和“儿童诗”的朗朗上口,契合了晚清民初启迪民智和争夺“小国民”资源的价值诉求;随着五四时期儿童文学运动兴起,“儿童本位”观的风行催生了“童话”“寓言”“儿童散文”“儿童戏剧”“儿童小说”“儿童诗”等文体。但“童话”“儿童诗”“儿童散文”无疑是坚定的“儿童本位”践行者;善于直面现实的“儿童小说”“儿童剧”“儿童报告文学”,高度契合了全民、全面抗战的现实需求;“儿童小说”因具有干预现实生活的普适性,而成为十七年时期塑造社会主义新儿童的主角;20世纪80—90年代,“少年小说”“童话”成为重拾“儿童本位”“关怀人性”“见证成长”的良师益友;21世纪以来,“童年小说”异军突起,中国儿童文学迎来发展的黄金时期,步入世界儿童文学舞台中心,成为打造国家文化软实力的重要因子。毋庸赘言,中国儿童文学诸体斗艳,就意味着中国儿童文学的繁荣。不同的文体具有驾驭不同题材的天然优势,不同的读者必然有不同的文体偏好。Tracing the evolution of Chinese children's literature genres over the past century reveals that the dominant value appeals of each era often determined the prominence of certain literary forms.Specifically,the accessibility of“children's fictions”and the rhythmic appeal of“children's poetry”aligned with the late Qing and early Republican era's goals of enlightening the people and cultivating young citizens.During the May Fourth Movement period,as the“child-centered”perspective gained traction and the Children's Literature Movement surged,various genres,including fairy tales,fables,children's essays,children's drama,children's novels,and children's poetry,flourished.Among them,fairy tales,children's poetry,and children's essays stood out as steadfast practitioners of the child-centered approach.Genres such as children's novels,children's plays,and children's reportage literature,which directly engaged with reality,resonated deeply with the nationwide mobilization during the Anti-Japanese War.Children's novels,with their broad social engagement,became the dominant genre in the Seventeen-Year Period,shaping the image of the“socialist new child”.During the 1980s and 1990s,juvenile novels and fairy tales became valuable companions in reaffirming the child-centered perspective,reviving a focus on human nature,and bearing witness to the process of growth.Since the turn of the 21st century,“childhood fictions”have risen to prominence,marking a golden era for Chinese children's literature,propelling it to the center of the global children's literature stage,and establishing it as a key element in China's cultural soft power strategy.It goes without saying that the flourishing diversity of children's literature genres signals the prosperity of the field.Different genres naturally lend themselves to different themes,and readers inevitably develop preferences for specific literary forms.

关 键 词：中国儿童文学 文体 价值诉求 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]