黑茶起源、演变与发展考  

A Study on the Origins,Evolution,and Development of Dark Tea

作　　者：卢勇[1] 任思博 LU Yong;REN Sibo

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第2期49-59,共11页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清以来长三角地区生态环境变迁与特色农业发展研究”(21&ZD225)。

摘　　要：黑茶是中国历史上最重要的边销与外销茶类,自宋代起就已活跃于官营贸易中。聚焦技术变迁与经济发展这一主线,可将黑茶发展史分为取法自然、以茶易马、走向繁荣、盛极而衰、涅槃重生五个阶段。其中,王朝更迭、殖民侵略、科技革新、政策变革成为各阶段接续转换的最重要影响因素,整体呈现出“自然偶得-政治带动-经济分化-技术转型-文化传承”渐次变动的历史逻辑链。在黑茶近千年的发展过程中,沿陆路、海路分别开拓出茶马古道、茶船古道、万里茶道三条线性商贸走廊,并在官府、茶商等多方经营下,逐渐形成了国内与国际两大市场共同发展的贸易格局。对于当下黑茶的复兴而言,传统技艺保护与经济贸易重振亟待创造性转化、创新性发展,在此过程中,文化与历史记忆的传承乃是根本。Dark tea has historically been one of China's most significant border-trade and export teas,actively engaged in state-run commerce since the Song Dynasty.This study examines the development of dark tea through the lens of technological transformation and economic progress,dividing its history into five stages:learning from nature,tea-for-horse trade,expansion and prosperity,reaching its peak and then declining,and revival and resurgence.Key driving forces behind these transitions include dynastic shifts,colonial invasions,technological advancements,and policy reforms,forming a historical progression from“natural happenstance to political intervention,economic differentiation,technological transformation,and cultural inheritance”.Over nearly a millennium,dark tea trade routes expanded through both overland and maritime ways,giving rise to the Tea-Horse Road,the Tea-Ship Route,and the Ten-Thousand-Mile Tea Road,shaping a dual-market system that integrated both domestic and international commerce under the management of government authorities and tea merchants.For the contemporary revitalization of dark tea,it is crucial to pursue creative transformation and innovative development in the preservation of traditional techniques and the revival of economic trade.Throughout this process,the continuity of cultural and historical memory remains fundamental.

关 键 词：黑茶 取法自然 以茶易马 传统技艺 创新性发展 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]