儿童开放未来权利的伦理审视  

An Ethical Examination of Children's Right to an Open Future

作　　者：刘星 LIU Xing

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院,湖南长沙410008

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2025年第2期94-99,共6页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代科技领域道德问题研究”(22&ZD044)。

摘　　要：为保证儿童群体重要但目前尚不能行使的权利,维护其自主权利和健康权益,学界引入了儿童开放未来权利的概念,即当复杂的自主权被赋予明显不具备行使能力的儿童时,应该保留这些权利直到儿童成年。理论上讲,主权自主和自我利益是个体权利的基础,但是由于儿童自主能力的有限性,当其无法了解自己的利益和未来权利以及不能很好把握未来权利实现的基础时,我们不应该完全限制父母权威。自主应与医疗效用评估相结合,重视决策主体的多元化、引入利益辅助框架并多维度地进行最佳利益评估,毕竟拥有开放未来权利的儿童应更重视成为能做出自我决定的人的可能,而不是当前的更多选择。To safeguard the important yet currently unenforceable rights of children,and to protect their autonomy and health interests,the academic community has introduced the concept of children's right to an open future.This concept asserts that when complex autonomy rights are assigned to children who clearly lack the capacity to exercise them,these rights should be preserved until they reach adulthood.Theoretically,sovereign autonomy and self-interest serve as the foundation of individual rights.However,given the limited autonomy of children,when they are unable to comprehend their own interests,anticipate future rights,or establish the conditions for exercising those rights,parental authority should not be entirely restricted.Instead,autonomy should be integrated with medical utility assessments,emphasizing a pluralistic approach todecision-making,the introduction of interest-based support frameworks,and a multidimensional best-interest evaluation.Ultimately,children's right to an open future should focus not merely on expanding current choices but on ensuring their future capacity for self-determination.

关 键 词：儿童权利 开放未来 基因检测 伦理审视 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]