天质之朴与善善恶恶:二维一体的董仲舒人性论  

Simplicity of Nature and Regarding Good and Evil as Good and Evil:Dong Zhongshu’s Theory of Human Nature in a Dual System

作　　者：邓国坤 DENG Guokun(School of Philosophy,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310012,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学哲学学院,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2025年第2期40-47,共8页Journal of Hengshui University

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助(2023M733135)。

摘　　要：当前学界大多认为董仲舒人性论为“性三品说”,少数学者认为董仲舒人性论为“性朴论”。事实上,董仲舒虽然提及了三种人性,但他认为能够真正称为人性的只有“中民之性”。因为“中民之性”与天质之朴性一致,皆是指向人性具备善质却未全善。天质之朴是原初之性,圣人之性与斗筲之性是发展之性,后者不能称之为性。但是“天质之朴”只是董子人性论的一维,另外一维是“善善恶恶”之性。两者共同组成董子的“二维一体”人性论。“天质之朴”是指人性的本质或者义理层面;“善善恶恶”是指人性的功能或发用层面。天质之朴与善善恶恶同属于天赋之性;两者共同组成人性,属于一性之两面。在人性生成中,两者相互依存、相互促进。成就圣人之性时,两者和谐共生,皆发展至完善境地。董子人性论包括天质之朴与善善恶恶二维一体之人性论、二维共生的人性生成逻辑、二维统一的人性论视域与方法。Currently,most scholars believe that Dong Zhongshu’s theory of human nature is the“theory of the threelevel human nature”,while a few scholars believe that it is the“theory of simple human nature”.In fact,although Dong Zhongshu mentioned three-level human nature,he believed that only the“nature of middle-level people”could truly be called human nature,for it is consistent with simplicity of nature,both of which point to the fact that human nature is good but not perfect.The simplicity of nature is the original nature,while the nature of sages and villains is the developmental nature and the latter cannot be called nature.But the simplicity of nature is only one element of Dong Zi’s theory of human nature,and the other element is regarding good and evil as good and evil.The two together constitute Dong Zi’s theory of human nature in a“dual system”.The simplicity of nature refers to the essence or the moral level of human nature;regarding good and evil as good and evil refers to the functional or applying aspects of human nature.The simplicity of nature and regarding good and evil as good and evil belong to the innate nature,and the two together constitute human nature which belong to both sides of one nature.In the generation of human nature,the two are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.In becoming the nature of a sage,both coexist harmoniously and develop into a perfect state.Dong Zi’s theory of human nature includes the theory of human nature in a dual system involving the simplicity of nature and regarding good and evil as good and evil,and the logic of generating human nature based on binary symbiosis and the perspective and methods of generating human nature based on binary unity.

关 键 词：董仲舒 人性论 性恶 性朴 性三品说 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]