植物甲烷排放及其产生机制的研究进展  

Methane emissions and production mechanism in plants:A review

作　　者：刘晓帆 刘梦冉 邱潮鑫 孙艳敏 郭红甫 王淑利 马盼盼 丁会纳 LIU Xiaofan;LIU Mengran;QIU Chaoxin;SUN Yanmin;GUO Hongfu;WANG Shuli;MA Panpan;DING Huina(Puyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Puyang 457000,Henan,China;College of Agronomy,Henan University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Puyang Academy of Science and Technology,Puyang 457000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]濮阳市农林科学院,河南濮阳457000 [2]河南大学农学院,郑州450046 [3]濮阳市科学技术研究院,河南濮阳457000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2025年第3期983-990,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：河南省科技兴林项目(YLK202217);濮阳市重大科技专项项目(210126)资助。

摘　　要：甲烷是产甲烷菌在厌氧条件下产生并主要通过植株传输到大气中的重要温室气体。但最近研究发现,植物在有氧环境下自身也能产生甲烷,这一结论还存在很大争议。植株是否排放甲烷以及甲烷产生的机制是什么需要进一步的研究。有研究发现,果胶、木质素、纤维素、蛋氨酸和蜡质层是植株排放甲烷的主要前体,在正常或环境胁迫下可以检测到甲烷的排放。高温、紫外辐射、机械损伤和干旱胁迫等外界刺激下可以诱导植物甲烷的排放,有人认为甲烷的增排与植株体内产生的活性氧积累有关。逆境胁迫下,植株内产生的活性氧攻击细胞壁中的多聚糖链使之降解,进而使细胞中的甲氧基增多,导致甲烷的排放量增加。目前,对于植物体内甲烷排放前体认识还不够全面,甲烷的排放机制了解还不够清晰,是否把植物作为一种重要的甲烷排放源也还存在争议,需要更多的研究来完善植物体内甲烷的产生前体以及产生机制,这些研究将为更好地统计大气甲烷排放源进而更准确估算全球的甲烷排放提供科学依据。Methane is an important greenhouse gas produced by anaerobic methanogenic microbes and transported and released to the atmosphere mainly through plants.Recent studies have found that plants can produce methane under aerobic conditions,which is highly controversial.Whether plants emit methane and the mechanism of methane production requires further research.Some studies have found that pectin,lignin,cellulose,methionine,and wax layers are the main precursors for plant methane emissions.Methane emissions can be detected under normal or environmental stress conditions.External stimuli,such as high temperature,ultraviolet radiation,mechanicaldamage,and drought stress,can induce methane emissions from plants.The increase in methane emissions is related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species produced within the plant.Under stress conditions,reactive oxygen produced inside the plant attacks the polysaccharide chains in the cell wall,causing them to degrade and thus increasing the number of methoxy groups in the cell,leading to an increase in methane emission.The understanding of the precursors for methane emissions within the plant body is not comprehensive enough,and the mechanism of methane emissions is not clear.Whether plants are considered an important source of methane emissions is also controversial.More research is needed to improve the understanding of the precursors and mechanisms of methane production within plants.These studies will provide scientific basis for better accounting for atmospheric methane emission sources and more accurate estimation of global methane emissions.

关 键 词：有氧环境 甲烷排放 碳循环 果胶 活性氧 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]