海参多糖的结构、健康功效及作用机制的研究进展  

Research Progress of Sea Cucumber Polysaccharides on the Structure,Health Efficacy and Mechanism

作　　者：董新玉 米锐 王馥仪 李海漫 李莹 陈碧漪 赵前程 DONG Xinyu;MI Rui;WANG Fuyi;LI Haiman;LI Ying;CHEN Biyi;ZHAO Qiancheng(College of Food Science and Engineering,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Dalian 116023,China;Dalian Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances Development and High Value Utilization,Dalian 116023,China;Liaoning Provincial Marine Healthy Food Engineering Research Centre,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116023 [2]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院,辽宁大连116023 [3]大连市特色海洋功效成分开发与高值化利用重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [4]辽宁省海洋健康食品工程研究中心,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2025年第8期23-32,共10页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研项目重点攻关项目(LJKZZ20220090);辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2022-BS-275);辽宁省教育厅青年项目(LJKQZ20222401);大连海洋大学博士启动项目(HDYJ202201)。

摘　　要：海参多糖具有独特的结构和广泛的生物活性,进入机体后可以作为调节剂或与微生物群相互作用来发挥健康功效。本文总结了海参多糖的分类及结构,对比分析了不同种类的海参糖胺聚糖和海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的分子量、化学组成、单糖组成的比例以及硫酸根含量。梳理了海参多糖通过抗凝血作用控制血栓、通过免疫调节作用抑制肿瘤细胞的功效机制,并综述了海参多糖作为益生元调节肠道菌群、改善代谢类疾病的相关进展。阐明海参多糖作为功效活性物质改善血栓、肿瘤、肥胖、糖尿病等多种健康问题的可行性,展望了海参多糖在药品和食品研究及开发的发展方向,为海参多糖的功能性应用提供理论依据。Sea cucumber polysaccharides(SCPs)are characterized by their unique structural configurations and broadspectrum bioactivities,which are manifested through their regulatory functions or interactions with microbial communities upon entering the organism.This paper systematically reviews SCPs into two primary categories:glycosaminoglycans(GAGs)and sulfated fucoidans,with detailed comparisons of their molecular weights,chemical compositions,monosaccharide ratios and sulfate contents.The mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects are elucidated,including anticoagulant activity through thrombin inhibition and fibrinolytic enhancement,as well as immunomodulatory effects via macrophage activation and tumor cell apoptosis induction.Furthermore,the prebiotic potential of SCPs in modulating gut microbiota and alleviating metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes is reviewed.The feasibility of SCPs as bioactive agents for addressing various health issues,including thrombosis,cancer,obesity,and diabetes is demonstrated.Future research directions emphasize the development of SCPs in pharmaceutical and functional food applications,providing a theoretical foundation for their functional utilization.

关 键 词：海参多糖 分类及结构 健康功效 抗凝血作用 免疫调节 调节肠道菌群 作用机制 

分 类 号：TS254.1[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]