奥斯曼帝国穆罕默德二世与意大利文艺复兴文化  

Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire and the Italian Renaissance Culture

作　　者：杨雨菲 Yang Yufei

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《全球史评论》2024年第2期114-134,312-313,共23页Global History Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“20世纪以来地中海史学的嬗变研究”(项目批准号22BSS054)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：自穆罕默德二世攻陷君士坦丁堡以来,人文主义者便将他视作敌视文明、亵渎文化的“野蛮人”。纵有此类“野蛮”标签加身,穆罕默德二世却表现出了对文化的重视。他的文化政策开创了奥斯曼帝国政府与学者关系的新阶段。他对意大利文艺复兴文化产生了兴趣,不仅学习古希腊—罗马的历史、哲学、地理学等,还赞助肖像画、肖像纪念章、建筑等文艺复兴艺术。穆罕默德二世对文艺复兴文化的态度是个人兴趣使然,是统治所需,亦是地中海世界所提供的客观条件所造就。奥斯曼帝国与基督教国家所共享的地中海文化遗产决定了古典文化对穆罕默德二世具有吸引力。奥斯曼帝国与基督教世界共同的现实需求促进了双方跨越宗教界限的联系。频繁的跨文化交流则促成了文艺复兴时期地中海世界共同文化风尚的形成。Since MehmedⅡIcaptured Constantinople,humanists regarded him as a“barbarian”who was hostile to civilization and profaned culture.Despite such“barbarian”labels,Mehmed II showed an emphasis on culture.Within the Ottoman Empire,he increased investment in educational institutions,promoted the development of rational science,and initiated a new phase in the relationship between the imperial government and scholars.Even more remarkable,he also developed an interest in Italian Renaissance culture and not only studied the histo-ry,philosophy,and geography of ancient Greece and Rome,but also sponsored Renaissance art such as portraits,portrait plaques,and architecture.Mehmed II's interest in Renaissance culture was a result of personal interest,the need for rule,and the objective conditions provided by the Mediterranean world.The com-mon Mediterranean cultural heritage shared by Ottoman Turkey and Christian countries determined the natural attraction of classical culture to Mehmed II.The common practical needs between Ottoman Turkey and the Christian world during the Renaissance promoted the connection between the two sides across the religious boundaries.Frequent cross-cultural exchanges contributed to the formation of a common cultural trend in the Mediterranean world during the Renaissance.

关 键 词：穆罕默德二世 意大利文艺复兴 地中海世界 跨文化交流 

分 类 号：K374.3[历史地理—历史学] J154.6[历史地理—世界史] G154.6[艺术—艺术理论] B968[文化科学] B978[哲学宗教—宗教学]