我国高校教师职称结构演进特征与动因分析——兼论高校教师职称改革的新向度  

The Track,Characteristics and Motivation of the Evolution of the Professional Title Structure of University Teachers in China:On the New Direction of the Reform of the Professional Titles of College Teachers in China

作　　者：陈富 ChenFu(School of Education Science,ShanXi Normal University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学教育科学学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《中国高等教育评论》2024年第2期177-193,共17页China Higher Education Review

基　　金：山西省高等学校教学改革创新项目(项目编号:J20230618);山西师范大学产学研项目(项目编号:CXY2313)

摘　　要：专业技术职称制度在我国高校教师队伍建设中发挥着十分重要的价值导向作用,关系到我国高校教师队伍的整体水平和质量结构。采用国家层面数据和省际面板数据对我国高校教师的职称结构比例进行测算,结果表明,我国高校教师职称结构比例的变化有两个明显阶段性特征:第一阶段表现出高级职称比例逐渐下降的趋势,第二阶段则表现出高级职称教师比例逐渐上升的趋势。20世纪80年代中后期以来,我国高校教师职称结构在空间上的分布呈现出越发明显的分化现象,高级职称教师比例在不同地区间的分布差距呈现出逐年扩大趋势。导致这一趋势出现的主要原因有二:一是我国高校人才管理政策的调整,二是我国经济体制的转变。利弊分析表明,趋向两极分化的高级教师资源分布不利于我国高等教育不同地区间的协调发展。我国在今后的高校教师职称改革过程中,除了追求不同职称总体数量发展和总体结构合理布局外,还要充分考虑职称政策的地区分布问题和职称改革的空间结构问题。The system of professional and technical titles plays a very important role in the value orientation of the construction of our college teachers,which is related to the overall level and quality structure of our college teachers.Using national level data and provincial panel data,this paper calculates the proportion of professional title structure of college teachers in China.The results show that there are two obvious characteristics in the change of the proportion of professional titles of college teachers in China:the first stage shows a gradual decline in the proportion of senior professional titles,and the second stage shows a gradual increase in the proportion of senior professional titles.Since the middle and late 1980s,the spatial distribution of the professional title structure of teachers in our colleges and universities has become more and more obvious,and the distribution gap of the proportion of senior teachers in different regions has shown a growing trend year by year.There are two main reasons for this trend:First,the adjustment of talent management policies in China's colleges and universities,but the transformation of our economic system.The analysis of advantages and disadvantages shows that the polarized distribution of senior teacher resources is not conducive to the coordinated development of different regions of higher education in China.In the process of the reform of the professional titles of teachers in colleges and universities in the future,in addition to pursuing the overall development of the number of different professional titles and the rational layout of the overall structure,we should also fully consider the regional distribution of the professional title policy and the spatial structure of the professional title reform.

关 键 词：高等学校 教师职务 教师职称 比例结构 地区均衡 协调发展 

分 类 号：G645.1[文化科学—高等教育学]