唯乐不可以为伪——诗教与乐教之辨异  

Only Music Cannot Be False——Differences between Poetry Education and Music Education

作　　者：胡远远 Hu Yuanyuan

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学 [2]上海教育科学研究院

出　　处：《中国美学研究》2024年第2期116-129,共14页

基　　金：国家社科基金一般课题“省级政府基础教育统筹的困境与优化路径研究”(项目编号:BFA190061);河南省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“先秦意象观语义衍变研究”(项目编号:2023BWX024);河南省高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目重点项目“政产学研用多元协同的电子信息类国家一流专业群建设模式研究与实践”(项目编号:2021SJGLX128)阶段性成果

摘　　要：“唯乐不可以为伪”这一命题体现了以“情”为本位的乐教观,与之相比,诗教也称“感物动情”。但是,诗植根于“诗用观”,表现出现实性;乐论则把乐的发生比附于天地自然秩序,具有先验性。乐教称“乐以象德”“德音之谓乐”。“德”,得(道)也,即乐以化情与道相接;而诗教称“有言未必有德”,“巧言令色,鲜于仁”,即“情”之于诗论本质上属于“诗艺”、修辞的范畴。《论语》称“兴于诗,立于礼,成于乐”,概指诗教与乐教在不同教育阶段的不同境界。辨析诗教与乐教的差异,启发我们,传统审美与人文教育理念的现代转化要建立在深刻理解其内涵的基础上,警惕培养知行不一的伪君子,以及过度强调群体人格共同体的错误倾向。The proposition that“only music cannot be false”reflects the music education view based on“emotion”.Compared with it,poetry education is also claim that People will be triggered by external objects and become emotional.However,the theory of poetry is connected with poetry realistic role,and expresses its practicality;However,the theory of music compares the occurrence of music to the natural order of heaven and earth and expresses its apriority.Music education refers to“music as a symbol of virtue”and“the sound of virtue is called music”.“Virtue”,being homophones with“get”in chinese,is also a way of obtaining,which means transforming emotions and connect with the“Tao”through music;While poetry education states that“having words does not necessarily mean having virtue”,and“clever words and expressions aren’t in benevolence frequently”,which means that“emotion”in poetry theory essentially belongs to the category of“poetic art”and rhetoric.The Analects of Confucius states that“it thrives oneself in poetry,behaves oneself in ceremony,and achieves oneself in music”,which generally refers to the different levels of poetry education and music education in different stages of education.Analyzing the differences between poetry education and music education inspires us that the modern transformation of traditional aesthetic and humanistic education concepts should be based on a profound understanding of their connotations,and we should be vigilant about cultivating hypocrites with inconsistent knowledge and behavior,as well as the erroneous tendency of overemphasizing the community of group personalities.

关 键 词：《乐记》 “情” “伪” 乐以象德 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] J609.2[艺术—音乐] B83-0[哲学宗教—美学]