康德论科学与伦理学  

Kant on Science and Ethics

作　　者：李文倩 Li Wenqian

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学文学院

出　　处：《价值论与伦理学研究》2024年第1期184-194,262,共12页Axiology and Ethics

摘　　要：在《纯粹理性批判》一书中,康德已对物理与伦理,或者说自然法则与道德法则做了区分,并且认为自然法则基于经验,道德法则基于理性。在《道德形而上学的奠基》一书中,康德进一步指出,物理学是研究自然法则的科学,伦理学则是研究道德法则的科学。康德在根本上不赞同休谟的自然主义进路,他以其先验哲学的进路,为伦理学之科学性提供了一种辩护。关于事实与价值,康德一方面承认休谟对其所做的区分,另一方面则部分地继承了莱布尼茨的观点,认为价值的基础在于理性。康德认为真正的道德哲学即道德形而上学。在《伦理学原理》一书中,摩尔对康德提出了两点可能的批评。In the book Critique of Pure Reason,Kant has made a distinction between physics and ethics,or between natural laws and moral laws,and believes that natural laws are based on experience,while moral laws are based on reason.In his book Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals,Kant further pointed out that physics is the science of studying natural laws,while ethics is the science of studying moral laws.Kant fundamentally disagrees with Hume’s naturalistic approach,providing a defense for the scientific nature of ethics through his transcendental philosophical approach.On the one hand,Kant acknowledges Hume’s distinction between facts and values,while on the other hand,he partially inherits Leibniz’s viewpoint that the foundation of value lies in reason.Kant believed that the true moral philosophy is moral metaphysics.In the book Principia Ethica,G.E.Moore proposed two possible criticisms of Kant.

关 键 词：康德 科学 伦理学 形而上学 摩尔 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B82-0