非常时期引发的三个道德观念的挑战  

Three Moral Challenges in Special Periods

作　　者：葛四友 Ge Siyou

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院

出　　处：《价值论与伦理学研究》2024年第1期18-29,276-257-258,共15页Axiology and Ethics

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“帕菲特的功利主义思想研究”(2019BZX003)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：无罪推定、不得牺牲无辜者和尊重权利是我们日常生活中三个根深蒂固的观念。然而,这三个观念受到非常时期危机事件的严重挑战,往往不能如正常时期一样对我们的行为选择产生影响。本文在区分与澄清道德观念可以提供的三种理由即初定理由、初步理由与绝对理由之后,努力从后果主义视角对人们在正常时期与非常时期做出的不同道德反应给出一种统一的解释。Presumption of innocence,no sacrifi ce of innocents and respect for rights are three deep-rooted moral conceptions in our daily life.However,these three conceptions have been greatly challenged in the situation of Covid-19.They are almost silent with our behaviors in that situation,at least without much infl uence.Based on the clarifi cation of three reasons that the moral conceptions could supply,which are prima facie reasons,pro tanto reasons and conclusive reasons,we could give a unifi ed explanation for our moral reactions to these three moral conceptions in ordinary situation and in the situation of covid-19 from the consequentialistic perspective.

关 键 词：无罪推定 尊重权利 初定理由 初步理由 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学] D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]