日语分离破坏类动词的语义范畴及区别使用研究  

A Study on Semantic Categorization and Usage of Cutting and Breaking Verbs in Japanese

作　　者：王钰 

机构地区：[1]大阪大学人文学研究科,日本大阪府丰中市560-0043

出　　处：《汉日语言对比研究论丛》2023年第1期85-101,共17页

基　　金：日本大阪大学『「社会と知の統合」を実現するイノベーション博士人材フェローシップ』科研经费的资助

摘　　要：本文比较分析了分离破坏类动词「切る「」割る「」裂く」的语义范畴,并探讨了日语母语者和中国高级日语学习者的使用差异及原因。研究发现:(1)此类动词表示的分离破坏事件可看成一个连续体,「切る」更接近CUT系动词,「割る「」裂く」更接近BREAK系动词,受语义核心影响,呈现出不同的语义特征和语义范畴;(2)母语者和学习者在共现搭配名词和动词的区别使用标准层面上存在差异;(3)学习者受汉语分离破坏类动词的区别使用标准影响,产生概念负向迁移。In this paper,we examine the semantic categories of kiru“cut”,waru“snap-smash”,saku“tear”,which are generally labeled cutting and breaking verbs in Japanese,and investigate how Japanese native speakers and Chinese advanced learners sort out the relations and differences among the verbs belonging to the same semantic domain.The results revealed that(1)The cutting and breaking events can be viewed as a continuum,with kiru being closer to the CUT verb class and waru,saku being closer to the BREAK verb class.With the influence of the semantic core,semantic features and semantic categories show differently from each other.(2)There are differences between native speakers and learners in the level of usage of co-occurring nouns and differentiation criteria for the verbs.(3)Learners are influenced by the perception about differentiation criteria of cutting and breaking verbs in Chinese,for which reason the negative linguistic transfer occurs.

关 键 词：分离破坏事件 范畴化 语义核心理论 中国高级日语学习者 对应分析 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]