日语被修饰语的深层格与连体修饰节的翻译模式选择——以「伝達」类动词为例  

Impact of Antecedent's Thematic Role on Translation Methods Selection for Japanese Attributive Clauses:Take Communication Verbs as an Example

作　　者：谷文诗 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学外国语学院,北京市100191

出　　处：《汉日语言对比研究论丛》2022年第1期198-216,共19页

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金项目“面向神经网络机器翻译的日语连体修饰结构汉译模式研究”(项目编号:20YYC016)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：翻译网站在人们的日常生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用,然而翻译网站在翻译日语连体修饰结构,尤其是含有三价动词(如「伝達」类动词)的日语“内关系连体修饰节+被修饰语”结构时,常常会得出不自然的汉语译文。针对此类现象,本文对被修饰语与连体修饰节内动词的深层格关系进行了分析,并对比了汉语与日语中「伝達」类动词,以及其他三价动词配位方式的差异,最终得出2点结论:(1)当日语句中的被修饰语与连体修饰节内动词的深层格为与事格时,翻译为汉语后,连体修饰节内需补充填位代词;(2)当日语连体修饰节内动词所对应的汉语动词为“给予—取得双向性”三价动词时,日语句翻译为汉语后,连体修饰节内需补充出“给”“向”等介词表示方向。本文得出的翻译模式及其适用条件对于今后日语连体修饰结构的自然语言处理问题有借鉴意义。Translation websites are playing an increasingly important role nowadays,leading to an emergent demand of accurate translation.However,unnatural translations always exist on Japanese noun-modifying clause construction,especially for“inner relation(uchi no kankei)”noun-modifying clause construction that contains trivalent verbs(such as“communication verbs”).In this paper,we comprehensively analyze the semantic relations between the head noun and the dependent clause.With the comparison between the valency structure of“communication verbs”and other trivalent verbs in Chinese and Japanese,we propose two main contributions on translating the noun-modifying clause construction from Japanese to Chinese:(a)if the thematic relation between the head noun and the dependent clause is the case of“dative”,the resumptive pronoun needs to be supplemented into the noun-modifying clause;(b)if the trivalent verb of the noun-modifying clause contains the double meaning of“give”and“receive”in Chinese,the prepositions(such as“gei”and“xiang”)need to be supplemented into the noun-modifying clause to indicate the direction of action.The translation model and its applicable conditions indicated in this paper can provide a certain reference for natural language processing of Japanese noun-modifying clause construction in the future.

关 键 词：日语连体修饰结构 配价语法 深层格 日汉翻译 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语]